针对矿用自卸车行驶道路恶劣载重量大、致油气悬架粘性发热显著、阻尼力偏离设计值甚至产生气穴加剧部件损坏等，对油气悬架粘性发热进行研究、优化。用龙格-库塔公式求解油气悬架非线性热平衡方程，并建立热动力学模型；通过仿真与试验对比，簧上质量加速度响应最大误差为5.5%，较未考虑粘性发热精度时提高4.2%，从而验证模型的准确性。通过对粘性发热现象定量分析表明，E级路面温度升高达65 K， D级路面温度升高达38 K；粘性发热使悬架系统共振频率偏移，幅值发生变化。基于惩罚函数法建立目标函数，采用遗传算法优化后油气悬架温度降低14 K。
Abstract
Mining dump truck with heavy loads drives on the rough roads,which makes the viscous heating of hydro-pneumatic suspension obviously, and the damping force deviates from design value,even causes cavitation and parts damaged,so it is important to research and optimization on the viscous heating.Firstly,uses Runge-Kutta formula to calculate the nonlinear heat balance equation,to establish the thermal dynamics model.Through simulation and experiment comparison,the maximum error of sprung mass’ acceleration is 5.5%,of which precision improves by 4.2% than not considering viscous heating,which proves the model is right.Secondly,the viscous heating is explored quantificationally,the temperature rises 65K under the level E road,for D level road which trucks often drives on, the increment is 38K.Meanwhile the viscous heating results in a shift of the resonance frequency and the changes of the amplitude.Finally,the objective function is established based on the penalty function method,which is optimized by genetic algorithm, and the temperature decreases by 14K after optimization.
关键词
矿用自卸车 /
油气悬架 /
粘性发热 /
遗传算法
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Key words
mining dump truck /
hydro-pneumatic suspension /
viscous heating /
genetic algorithm
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