鸟体形状及撞击方向对鸟撞分析有很大影响。真实鸟体形状复杂，不同鸟类外形、大小各异，因此研究中常采用简化的替代模型进行模拟，四种常见的鸟体替代模型为：球体、圆柱体、两端半球-中间圆柱体、椭球体。实际鸟撞事故中，鸟可能从头部、尾部、翼部及腹部等不同方向撞击飞机，所造成的影响也不尽相同。首先，建立真实形状鸟体撞击刚性靶有限元模型，研究不同撞击方向对鸟撞分析的影响；进一步进行四种简化的鸟体替代模型鸟撞分析，并与真实形状鸟体分析结果进行对比，研究鸟体替代模型对真实形状鸟体不同撞击方向替代的适用性。研究表明：1）不同撞击方向对鸟撞分析结果有较大影响，腹部冲击力极值最大，但冲击持续时间最短；头部和尾部冲击极值相对较小。2）腹部冲击鸟体动能衰减最快也最多，尾部和翼部次之，头部衰减最少。3）尾部撞击和两端半球-中间圆柱体撞击计算结果吻合较好；腹部撞击和椭球体长边侧撞击计算结果吻合较好；头部、翼部撞击和替代模型计算结果吻合度较差。
Abstract
Bird shape and strike orientation are two vitally important factors that can affect the accuracy of bird strike analysis. The realistic bird has a complex configuration and there are different bird types with different body shapes, so researchers have often used simple configurations to model the bird in bird strike event. The four substitute bird models most-frequently employed in the literature are: sphere, straight-ended cylinder, hemispherical-ended cylinder and ellipsoid. During a bird strike event, a bird can strike the airplane from its head, tail, abdomen or wings. Any of these orientations have different effects on the response of an airplane part. Firstly, a realistic bird model was established to study the effect of strike orientation. The results obtained by using the substitute bird models are compared in order to determine the best substitute bird witch can properly model the force exerted by real bird when striking from different orientations. It was concluded that the configuration of the bird has a big influence on the impact force; the impact force obtained by striking from the abdomen side is the largest and the shortest while the results obtained by striking from the head and tail sides are the least. Meanwhile, the kinetic energy loss of bird tends to be adequate and rapid by striking from the abdomen, wing and tail come second, head is the least. Besides, it was also found that for the tail side strike scenario, a hemispherical-ended cylinder shows the best results and for the abdomen side strike scenario, an ellipsoid striking from its long side can be the best substitute model, while for the head and wing side strike scenarios, no substitute models have a good agreement.
关键词
鸟撞 /
鸟体形状 /
真实鸟体模型 /
撞击方向 /
替代模型
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