基于围岩开挖爆破主频率衰减过程定义损伤变量，得到围岩爆破损伤量随爆心距变化的函数关系式；通过围岩爆破损伤量与爆心距函数关系曲线变化规律以及围岩破坏特征总结得出围岩损伤破坏的5个区，分别为：围岩粉碎区、碎裂区、破裂区、后续损伤区（扰动区）和原岩区，并得出对应的分界损伤变量、爆心距以及围岩损伤范围。以龙滩水电站右岸导流洞爆破开挖工程为例，计算结果表明：龙滩水电站右岸导流洞爆破开挖引起的岩体损伤量是爆心距的递减函数，损伤范围依次为0.5m、0.59m、3.16m、8.25m，损伤范围依次增大，增长率先增大后减小，如粉碎区到碎裂区增长率为15.3%，碎裂区到破裂区为81.3%，破裂区到后续损伤区为61.7%。围岩损伤在破裂区变化最快，此范围内爆破应力波能量衰减急剧，粉碎区、碎裂区、后续损伤区以及原岩区损伤变量随爆心距缓慢递减。实例表明，此损伤分区计算方法具有一定的可靠性。研究成果对于有效评估地下工程施工围岩损伤特性及分析隧洞开挖优化设计具有积极意义。
Abstract
On the basis of main blasting frequency attenuation process of surrounding rock excavation damage variable was defined and the function of damage variable changing with the blasting center distance was obtained. Five zones have been summarized by the function of damage variable changing with the blasting center and surrounding crack characteristics, which are smash zone, fragmentation zone, fracture zone, subsequent damage zone(disturbed zone) and original rock zone. In addition, the paper has obtained the corresponding critical damage variable, the blasting center distance and damage scope of the five damage zone. Taking the blasting excavation engineering of diversion tunnel in the right bank of Longtan hydropower station for example, calculation results showed that the amount of rock mass damage arising from blasting excavation of diversion tunnel was the decreasing function of the blasting center distance, and the damage scopes respectively were 0.5m, 0.59m, 3.16m, 8.25m, which presenting increasing tendency but the growth rate increased then decreased. For instance, the growth rate of smash zone to fragmentation zone was 15.3%, 81.3% for fragmentation zone to fracture zone, and 61.7% for fracture zone to subsequent damage zone. Surrounding rock damage rate changed the fastest in the fracture zone, in which scope blasting stress wave energy decayed rapidly. Damage variable of fragmentation zone, fracture zone, follow-up damage zone and original rock zone decreased slowly with the blasting center distance. Example has showed the reliability of such damage zone method. Study achievement has a positive significance in evaluating surrounding rock damage character effectively and analyzing optimal design of tunnel excavation.
关键词
地下工程 /
围岩 /
损伤分区 /
施工爆破
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Key words
underground engineering /
surrounding rock /
damage zone /
construction blasting
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