对载荷辨识方法用于脉冲燃烧风洞模型阻力测量的可行性进行了研究。设计了钝头锥模型阻力测量试验系统，通过突然卸载的方式对系统进行了动态标定，辨识得到了系统结构动力学参数，建立了系统动力学模型。基于脉冲风洞的工作特性，采用斜坡阶跃函数与傅立叶级数之和描述模型的载荷历程，将载荷辨识问题转化为函数参数辨识问题，采取先辨识斜坡阶跃函数参数再用最小二乘方法求傅立叶级数系数的求解策略。通过使理论计算输出在低频段逼近实测输出来确定傅立叶级数的项数。首先通过数值仿真检验了方法的有效性，然后在脉冲燃烧风洞进行了两车试验，基于天平输出对模型阻力进行了辨识，结果与CFD预测值吻合良好。
Abstract
Load identification method is investigated for its suitability for drag measurements on a model in impulse combustion facilities. A test system was designed to measure the drag force of a blunt cone model. Dynamic calibration was done to the system by sudden relief of a preload which excited the system. The dynamic parameters were estimated from the response of the balance, and the structural dynamic model of the system was obtained. A ramp-step function plus Fourier series were adopted to model the load history, and the force identification problem was transformed into estimation of parameters of the functions. A two-step solution skill was proposed, which estimated the parameters of the ramp-step function firstly, and then solved the Fourier coefficients by least square method. The number of the Fourier series was determined by forcing the theory response approximating the measured response at low frequency band. The method was firstly validated by numerical simulations. And then, two experiments were carried out in the impulse combustion tunnel. The drag forces of the cone model were identified respectively from the measured responses of the balance, and agreed well with the predictions of the CFD tool.
关键词
脉冲风洞 /
阻力测量 /
动态标定 /
载荷辨识
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