针对EMD（Empirical model decomposition）存在模式频率混叠带来的频谱杂乱的根本缺陷，提出一种高速列车万向轴动不平衡动态检测的新方法。该方法的核心是：对万向节安装机座的振动信号进行EMD分解得到基本模式分量，应用基本模式分量信号来构造Hankel矩阵，对该矩阵进行奇异值正交化分解，以奇异值关键叠层作为奇异值的选择准则对信号进行重构，应用重构信号的傅里叶谱来检测高速列车万向轴的动不平衡，消除EMD分解模式频率混叠带来频谱杂乱，提高了谱的清晰度，凸显了故障特征。应用万向轴动不平衡试验数据对该方法进行试验验证，结果表明：该方法能够有效检测万向轴动不平衡引起故障特征和万向轴的固有振动特性，与纯EMD方法相比，该方法在谱的清晰度和故障表征力上得到了显著提高。
Abstract
A new method of detecting dynamic imbalance with cardan shaft in the high-speed train is proposed applying the combination between EMD, Hankel matrix and SVD (singular value decomposition) contrary to the aliasing defect between the adjacent intrinsic model functions existing in the EMD. The vibration signals of gimbal installed base were decomposed through EMD to get the different intrinsic model components. The Hankel matrix, which was constructed throng the single decomposition model component, was orthogonally executed through SVD, the key singular values were selected to reconstruct vibration sign on the base of the key stack of singular values. Fourier spectrum of the reconstructed signal was applied to detect dynamic imbalance with shaft and eliminated clutter spectrum caused by the aliasing defect between the adjacent intrinsic model functions, highlighted the failure characteristics. The method is verified by test data in the condition of dynamic imbalance, the results show this method can effectively detect the fault vibration characteristics caused by cardan shaft dynamic imbalance and extract the nature vibration features. With the comparison to the simple EMD, the clarity and failure characterization force have been significantly improved.
关键词
高速列车 /
万向轴动不平衡 /
EMD /
Hankel矩阵 /
SVD /
动态检测
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Key words
High-speed train /
dynamic imbalance with cardan shaft /
EMD /
Hankel matrix /
SVD /
dynamic detection
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