法兰盘螺栓松动是风机塔常见的一种严重病害。本文基于大量实测试验得出：塔筒的1阶相位差特性对法兰盘螺栓松动病害很敏感。首先对6座存在此病害的风机塔开展了详细的振动测试与分析，然后分析出法兰盘螺栓松动后，其1阶固有频率值未发生变化、阻尼比变化不明显、1阶振型变化也不突出，但在各法兰盘上、下盘之间的相位差即使在螺栓松动比例为6%时也存在明显的突变特性，而在对法兰盘螺栓重新紧固后，其相位差未表现出此特性。实测试验表明：相比其它振动特性，风机塔的1阶相位差特性受法兰盘螺栓松动的影响更明显，因此能更准确地反映出法兰盘螺栓松动现象，可基于法兰盘上、下盘之间的相位差绝对值是否存在突然增大的特性来识别出法兰盘螺栓是否存在较严重的松动病害。本文的研究结果是基于6座风机塔多个工况下的实测数据得出的，具有较高的可靠性，对风机塔的法兰盘螺栓松动病害的快速检测方法的研究具有较大的参考价值。
Abstract
The bolt looseness is a usual and serious disease of a wind turbine tower. Based on a large number of measurements, a conclusion was obtained that the first-order phase difference characteristic of a wind turbine tower is sensitive to its loose bolts of the flanges. Six wind turbine towers with loose bolts were measured and analyzed on their vibration parameters. After the bolts looseness, the variation of the first-order natural frequency was not found, the variation of its damping ratio and its first-order vibration mode were not obvious. At the same time, there were obvious sudden change in the phase difference of the upper and lower flanges despite the bolts looseness ratio was 6%. But the phase difference of the upper and lower didn’t show the sudden change after their fastening. The measurements show that the first-order phase difference characteristic of a wind turbine tower is more affected by its loose bolts of the flanges than other vibration characteristics. As a result, the first-order phase difference characteristic can express the bolts looseness of the flanges more accurately. The serious bolts looseness can be detected by the sudden increasing absolute values of the the phase difference of the upper and lower flanges. Based on the real measurements of the six wind turbine towers under different working conditions, the method in this paper is more reliable and more effective to detect the loosen bolts of a wind turbine tower rapidly.
关键词
风机塔 /
法兰盘螺栓松动 /
塔筒振动特性 /
相位差特性
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Key words
wind turbine towers /
the loosen bolts of the flanges /
the vibration characteristics of the tower /
the characteristics of phase difference
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