针对在蜂窝复合材料超声波切割加工中，超声切割系统在受力之后会出现系统失谐，振幅不足甚至停振的现象，对声学系统受力之后的阻抗值以及谐振频率进行研究。利用四端网络法，通过分析变幅杆、压电陶瓷以及端盖等组成声学系统各部分输入输出特性，提出了声学系统的整体设计方程，得出了声学系统的阻抗值和频率方程以及负载﹑电流与振幅的关系式，并对超声切割系统的受力模型进行分析。通过对超声切割声学系统施加单向力，分析受力之后的声学系统阻抗值和谐振频率，得出声学系统受力对系统阻抗值和谐振频率的影响规律。实验结果表明：增加三个方向力之后，系统的阻抗值和谐振频率都会上升。随着力负载的增加，Y、Z方向施加力负载时的系统阻抗值比X方向施加力负载时增加得更快，而在系统谐振频率方面，X、Z方向施加力负载时谐振频率的增量比Y方向施加力负载时更大，在实际应用中应减小敏感方向的力。本文的研究结果可以为实际加工提供理论指导。
Abstract
The ultrasonic cutting system will be out of harmony, insufficient harmony, or non-resonance when the force is loaded on, it has serious impact on the machining process and the machining quality of the workpiece. In this paper, the impedance and the resonance frequency of the force loaded acoustic system were studied. By using terminal network method, Input / output characteristics of ultrasonic horn, piezoelectric ceramics and end cover were studied, the integral design equation of the acoustic system was presented, and the impedance, frequency equation and the relationship among load, current and amplitude of the acoustic system were obtained. In order to get influence law of force on impedance and resonant frequency, a digital push pull meter was applied to load a single direction force to the acoustic system, the relationship among the impedance, resonant frequency and force was tested by experiments. Experimental results show that the impedance of the system is increased after three directions are loaded on. With the increase in loaded force, the impedance of ultrasonic cutting system loaded Y and Z direction force increases faster than that of the X direction, the increase in resonant frequency of ultrasonic cutting system loaded X and Z direction force is much more than that of Y direction, we should reduce the force of the sensitive direction in practical application. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the actual processing.
关键词
超声切割系统 /
力负载 /
受力模型 /
阻抗值 /
谐振频率
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Key words
ultrasonic cutting system /
loaded force /
load model /
impedance /
resonance frequency
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