环模制粒机因其高效率、低能耗等优点广泛应用于饲料、生物质能源等领域，而目前的环模制粒机振动剧烈，尤其是有转子偏心时环模会受到强烈的振动冲击，严重减小环模的使用寿命。因此本文对转子偏心下环模制粒机的振动特性进行了分析并对其主要结构进行优化。基于粉体挤压成型规律以及环模与压辊挤压成型规律，建立了考虑压辊表面正向静摩擦力作用下的环模与压辊之间准确的相互作用力模型，并对压辊与环模有相对位移时其相互作用力的变化规律进行建模和分析。基于多体动力学软件建立了转子偏心下环模制粒机的动力学仿真模型，分析转轴、主轴以及挤压力的振动特性，并对主轴、支撑架以及转轴轴承的结构或位置参数进行分析和优化。研究结果表明：压辊与环模之间相互作用力与相对位移之间近似成线性关系；主轴上转轴支撑段直径应大于直径；主轴直径增大有利于转轴振动幅值减小但是会增大挤压力幅值，将压辊底座通过柔性杆与主轴连接可在减小转轴振动的同时大幅减小挤压力的振动；支撑架的径向刚度应大于1×107N/m,弯矩刚度应大于1×105N.m/deg；转轴轴承间距存在与轴承刚度相关的最优值，且最优轴承间距会随着轴承刚度增大而减小。
Abstract
Ring die pellet mill has been widely used in the biomass-energy , feed industry, chemical industry because that ring die pellet mill has a series of advantages, such as a high forming rate, lower pollution, energy-efficient and so on. However, the existing ring die pelleting mills have serious vibration, especially for the pellet mill with rotor eccentricity, and the vibration of ring die would severely shorten the ring die life. According to the powder pressure-density relationship and the pressure distribution in deformation area, the accurate interaction force between roller and ring die was figured out with considering the positive static frictional force on roller surface. The change law of the interaction force between roller and ring die with relative displacement was also discussed. Dynamic simulation model of ring die pellet mill with rotor eccentricity was set up by using the multi-body software, and dynamic simulations were done to study the vibration of revolving shaft, dead axle and compaction force. The results reveal that the interaction force between roller and ring die varies linearly with the relative displacement between roller and ring die. The revolving shaft support segment of dead axle should be stouter than the frame support segment. It is positive to increase the dead axle diameter to reduce the vibration of revolving shaft, but negative to the vibration of compaction force. A flexible bar was used to fix rollers to dead axle in order to solve the problem, and the simulation shows that the optimization can dramatically reduce the vibration of compaction force. The radial stiffness of frame should be kept above 1×107N/m, and the bending rigidity of frame should be kept above 1×105N.m/deg. The bearing spacing parameter can obtain an ideal optimum value for different stiffness of bearings of revolving shaft.
关键词
环模制粒机 /
转子偏心 /
动力学仿真 /
粉体挤压 /
振动
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