船桥碰撞是跨航道桥梁需考虑的重要问题。本文以美国AAHSTO规范推荐两类船舶为例，研究了驳船和散装货轮撞击桥梁后碰撞力、船艏刚度和碰撞能量的变化过程，讨论了导致两类船舶碰撞力、船艏刚度和碰撞能量变化差异的原因，分析了两类船桥碰撞桥梁结构的主要响应，并将本文动力模型计算响应与已有规范计算得到响应进行了对比。结果表明，两类船舶不同的船艏外形及内部构造会对碰撞力造成较大影响；同等吨位和碰撞速度下，驳船碰撞峰值荷载比散装货轮大，驳船碰撞的墩顶位移比散装货轮小，基底剪力和弯矩比散装货轮大，驳船与散装货轮作用下桥梁结构响应的动力反应系数存在较大差异；不同规范对于碰撞荷载规定差异较大，欧洲规范计算得到响应总体较大，中国公路规范荷载对于内河船舶撞击计算得到的响应最小，中国铁路规范计算得到的响应与其他规范海轮撞击响应进行对比最小。
Abstract
Vessel-bridge collision is an important issue that should be considered for the bridge structures across the channel. In this paper, two sorts of vessels referred from AASHTO specifications are taken as examples to study the differences of impact force histories, barge bow stiffness and energy transitions. The reason account for the differences is also discussed. The responses by the dynamic model in this paper are compared with the ones according to several specifications. The results show that different barge bow configurations and inner elements layouts will make significant influence on the impact force. The peak impact force by barge collision is higher than the force due to ship collision at same tonnage and impact velocity. The displacement of pier top due to barge collision is smaller than ship collision, while the barge collision causes a higher base shear and base moment than the ship collision. The dynamic magnification factors of bridge responses have remarkable differences between barge collision and ship collision. Significant differences exist in the vessel collision load of different specifications. Eurocode will give relative higher responses generally. The smallest responses for inland vessel collisions will obtained by China highway specifications, and China railway specifications will derive the smallest responses for seagoing ships collisions.
关键词
船桥碰撞 /
驳船 /
散装货轮 /
碰撞力 /
桥梁响应分析
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Key words
vessel-bridge collision /
barge /
cargo ship /
impact force /
bridge response analysis
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参考文献
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