位移是反映结构性能和安全的重要指标。大型结构动态位移监测仍存在较多困难。摄像测量具有非接触、低成本等突出优点,有望成为一种实用方法,但其全天候工作性能评估及优化有待研究。本文开展了高层建筑动态位移全天候摄像测量长期室外试验,并以降雨天气下的位移实测数据为研究对象,分析了降雨对摄像测量精度的影响。降雨对摄像测量产生了显著影响,导致位移测量精度明显降低。为拓宽摄像测量的适用环境,提出了采用自适应滤波方法进行降噪处理。结果表明,自适应滤波方法能有效地去除测量噪声,提高摄像测量在暴雨环境下的测量精度,为实现高层建筑动态位移全天候摄像测量提供了必要条件。
Abstract
Displacement is a good descriptor of the structural behavior and safety status. However, measuring displacement of structures under dynamic excitations is still a challenging task. Videogrammetry shows great potential for dynamic displacement measurement, benefiting from its non-contact and cost-effective characteristics. Nevertheless, its all-weather performance has to be fully evaluated and improved when necessary before gaining wide applications. Therefore, long-term outdoor dynamic displacement monitoring tests using videogrammetry were carried out. A virtual displacement generation device was fabricated to generate dynamic displacements of various structures and the industrial digital camera was employed to monitor the virtual displacements. In this paper, virtual displacements of high-rise buildings measured under raining conditions were analyzed. It is found that raining imposes significant effects on the videogrammety, which noticeably decreases the accuracy of displacement measurement data. To widen the applicability of videogrammetry, adaptive filtering was proposed to de-noise the displacement measurement data. The results show that the adaptive filtering is well capable of decreasing/removing the measurement noises and enhancing the accuracy of displacement measurement data. It is helpful for the realization of all-weather videogrammetry for dynamic displacement monitoring of high-rise buildings.
关键词
高层建筑 /
动态位移 /
摄像测量 /
环境影响 /
自适应滤波
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Key words
high-rise buildings /
dynamic displacement /
videogrammetry /
environmental effect /
adaptive filtering
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