针对多尺度形态学滤波器将所有尺度的滤波结果进行算术平均这一问题，提出利用三阶累积量对角切片谱对其进行改进，用于对高速列车万向轴不平衡故障进行检测与识别。该方法首先对安装在齿轮箱的振动传感器采集到的信号进行多尺度形态学滤波，得到不同尺度下的滤波结果，再计算滤波后信号的三阶累积量及其对角切片谱，最后依据对角切片谱的特征频率系数，选取出最能凸显故障特征的切片谱，从而避免了多尺度滤波器滤波结果的算术平均问题。在万向轴不平衡试验台进行了试验，结果表明，该方法能有效地识别出万向轴不平衡引起的基频和倍频故障特征，与传统的多尺度形态滤波相比，此方法更能彰显故障特征。
Abstract
Aiming to solve the problem of arithmetic average of filtering results from all scales in multi-scale morphological filter, a third-order cumulant diagonal slice spectrum method is proposed to improve the conventional multi-scale morphological filter for the fault detection of high speed railway cardan shaft. The multi-scale filtering of the signals collected from the vibration sensor installed at gearbox is conducted firstly, and the filtering results at different scales are obtained. Then the third-order cumulants and corresponding diagonal slices of the filtered signals are calculated. Finally, the optimal scale which can best highlight the fault characteristics is selected based on a characteristic frequency intensity coefficient. As a consequence, the arithmetic average problem of multi-scale morphological filter is avoided. A test rig experiment is conducted on the unbalance test bench of cardan shaft. The results show that the proposed method is effective to identify the fundamental frequency and multiple frequencies caused by the unbalance of cardan shaft. Comparing with the traditional multi-scale morphological filter, this method is better to manifest fault features.
关键词
高速列车 /
万向轴 /
多尺度形态滤波 /
对角切片谱
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 冷扬立，李秋泽，李庆国，等. CRH5型动车组万向轴结构及临界转速分析[J]. 铁道车辆，2010，48(12)：6-11.
LENG Yangli，LI Qiuze，LI Qingguo，et al. Analysis of the structure and critical rotating speed of the cardan shafts for CRH5 multiple units [J]. Railway Vehicles，2010，48(12)：6-11.
[2] 张红军，姚远，罗赟，等. CRH5型动车万向轴传动系统技术特征分析[J]. 铁道学报，2009，31(2)：115-119.
ZHANG Hongjun，YAO Yuan，LUO Yun，et al. Analysis on technical characteristics of CRH5 cardan drive system [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society，2009，31(2)：115-119.
[3] 姚远，张红军，罗赟. CRH5 型动车万向轴扭转振动分析[J]. 中国铁道科学，2009，30(2)：82-86.
YAO Yuan，ZHANG Hongjun，LUO Yun. Analysis on the torsional vibration of cardan shaft on CRH5 motor car [J]. China Railway Science，2009，30(2)：82-86.
[4] 丁建明，林建辉，王晗，等. 万向轴动不平衡检测的二代小波变换奇异值方法 [J]. 机械工程学报，2014, 50（12）：110-117.
DING Jianming, LIN Jianhui, WANG Han, et al. Detection of the dynamic unbalance with cardan shaft applying the second wavelet transform and singular value decomposition [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50（12）：110-117.
[5] 阮腾达. CRH5动车组传动系统故障诊断方法研究 [D]. 成都：西南交通大学，2014: 51-73.
[6] Q. Chen, Z. Chen, W. Sun, et al. A new structuring element for multi-scale morphology analysis and its application in rolling element bearing fault diagnosis [J]. Journal of Vibration and Control, 2015, 21(4): 765-789.
[7] C. Li, M. Liang. Continuous-scale mathematical morphology-based optimal scale band demodulation of impulsive feature for bearing defect diagnosis [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2012, 331(26): 5864-5879.
[8] 胡爱军，唐贵基，安连锁. 基于数字形态学的旋转机械振动信号降噪方法[J]. 机械工程学报，2006, 42(4):127-130.
HU Aijun, TANG Guiji, AN Liansuo. De-noising technique for vibration signals of rotating machinery based on mathematical morphology filter [J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(4):127-130.
[9] L. Zhang, J. Xu, J. Yang, et al. Multiscale morphology analysis and its application to fault diagnosis [J]. Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2008, 22(3) :597-610.
[10] 李奕璠，刘建新，林建辉，等. 基于自适应多尺度形态学分析的车轮扁疤故障诊断方法 [J]. 交通运输工程学报，2015，15（1）：58-65.
LI Yifan, LIU Jianxin, LIN Jianhui, et al. Fault diagnosis method of railway vehicle with wheel flat based on self-adaptive multi-scale morphology analysis [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015, 15(1):58-65.
[11] G. Shen, S. McLaughlin, Y. Xu, et al. Theoretical and experimental analysis of bispectrum of vibration signals for fault diagnosis of gears [J]. Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2014, 43(1):76-89.
[12] 樊养余，陶宝祺，熊克，等. 舰船噪声的1（1∕2）维谱特征提取 [J]. 声学学报，2002, 27（1）：71-76.
FAN Yangyu, TAO Baoqi, XIONG Ke, et al. Feature extraction of ship-radiated noise by 1（1∕2）spectrum [J]. Acta Acustica, 2002, 27(1):71-76.
[13] 张严，王树勋，李生红. 二次相位耦合的1（1∕2）维谱分析 [J]. 电子学报，1996, 24（4）：109-112.
ZHANG Yan, WANG Shuxun, LI Shenghong. 1（1∕2）dimension spectrum approach to quadratic phase coupling estimation [J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 1996, 24(4):109-112.
[14] B. Li, P. Zhang, Z. Wang, et al. Gear fault detection using multi-scale morphological filters [J]. Measurement, 2011, 44(10):2078-2089.
[15] Y. Dong, M. Liao, X. Zhang, et al. Faults diagnosis of rolling element bearings based on modified morphological method [J]. Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2011, 25(3) :1276-1286.
[16] N.G. Nikolaou, I.A. Antoniadis. Application of morphological operators as envelope extractors for impulsive-type period signals [J]. Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2003, 17(6):1147-1162.
[17] 李兵，张培林，米双山，等. 机械故障信号的数字形态学分析与智能分类 [M]. 国防工业出版社，2011.
[18] Y. Li, X. Liang, Ming J Zuo. A time-varying Hamming structure element for mathematical morphological filtering [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration. (In revise)
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(1326 KB)
