基于MTS815及SHPB装置,分别进行了高放废物地质处置新疆预选区天湖地段花岗岩的静态及动态力学特性试验。针对该区域的钻孔花岗岩岩芯,开展了一系列的静态拉伸、静态单轴压缩、动态拉伸、动态压缩,以及一维动静组合拉伸加载试验。特别是,该批次试验所用岩芯均取自同一深度处(深度360m左右)的花岗岩,所获得的对比与分析结果对于同一岩石力学特性研究更有代表性意义。测试结果显示:该花岗岩的静态拉伸强度约为11.75MPa,单轴压缩强度约为175MPa。单轴压缩强度约为抗拉强度的14倍。在加载率为0.34×106MPa/s~0.51×106MPa/s时,其动态拉伸强度约为25MPa~35MPa。在应变率为80/s~160/s时,其动态压缩强度测试值区间为138MPa~208MPa。并且随着加载率或应变率的提高,无论是动态拉伸强度特性或动态压缩强度特性均随之增大,这说明了花岗岩的率相关加载效应特性。进一步的实施了该花岗岩的一维动静组合拉伸加载试验,发现随着轴向静压的增大,岩石的抗冲击强度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。大约在静载抗拉强度的50%时,抗冲击拉伸强度达到最大值,随后平缓减小。并且,随着轴向静压的增大,岩石的动静组合拉伸强度亦随之快速增大,最大可达到静载拉伸强度的3倍,抗冲击拉伸动载的1.5倍。同时,在冲击破坏情况下,岩石组合加载破坏模式呈现拉伸破坏,与静态拉伸破坏及一般冲击下的劈裂破坏特征基本一致。综上表明,该地段试验深度处的钻孔岩芯,其力学特性较为稳定,从工程建造角度而言,可作为高放废物地质处置的一个参考预选地段。但试验获取数据尚未充足,需通过不同钻孔以及不同深度处岩石的动、静力学特性试验及渗透试验、地应力测试等其它试验项目,进一步深入研究其在不同轴向静压及不同冲击动载下,岩石承受的临界动载荷值等力学特性。本研究的试验数据与理论可支撑于深部地下工程的爆破开挖及高放废物的深地质处置。
Abstract
Based on the MTS815 Flex Test GT and SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar), the static and dynamic properties of the granite in Xinjiang province Tianhu area have been studied deeply, which is a preselected area for the HLW (High Level radioactive Waste) geological disposal. For the granite in the borehole, the tension testing, uniaxial compression testing, dynamic tension testing, dynamic compression testing and the one dimensional coupled static and dynamic loading testing have been carried out separately. Specifically, all the rock tested is from the same borehole under one same depth, i.e. 360m, therefore, the testing results could be considered much more representative of the granite. The tension strength is about 11.75MPa, and the uniaxial compression strength is 175MPa or so, which is about 14 times than the tension strength. With the dynamic loading, the dynamic tension strength is about 25MPa~35MPa under the stress rate is 0.34×106MPa/s~0.51×106MPa/s. And the dynamic compression strength located in 138MPa~208MPa under the strain rate 80/s~160/s. With the loading rate increases, the strength is also increase, whatever the tension strength or the compression strength, which shows the loading rate effect of the rock. Furthermore, the one dimensional coupled static and dynamic tension loading testing has been carried out. It is found that with the precompression stress increases, the impact dynamic strength increases firstly, and then decreases stably. It could reach maximum when the precompression stress is about 50% of the static tension strength. Meanwhile, with the precompression stress increases, the coupled static and dynamic strength increases obviously, especially it could reach about three times compared with the static tension strength, and about one and half times of the dynamic tension strength. The testing results show that the failure model of the coupled static and dynamic loading is also tension failure, which is the same as the static tension and conventional dynamic loading test. Through a series of the testing above, rock in this area maybe considered stable and this area could be a selected area for the HLW geo-disposal. However, the testing result is inadequate, and the other testing, for example, the seepage testing, the in site stress testing and others should be moved forward, not only in one borehole, but also in different kinds of borehole in diverse depth. Then, rock in this area could be researched in detail, and the testing result and the theoretical knowledge could be applied to the blasting and excavation of the deep geo-engineering and the HLW geo-disposal.
关键词
高放废物地质处置 /
岩石力学 /
静力学加载 /
动力学加载 /
动静组合加载
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Key words
Geological disposal of the High Level radioactive Waste /
rock mechanics /
static loading /
dynamic loading /
coupled static and dynamic loading
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