当磁浮列车静止悬浮在某段桥梁上时，磁浮列车的电磁铁和桥梁会同时出现大幅垂向振动，这种现象被称为磁浮列车-桥梁耦合自激振动。目前国内外对于该问题的研究不够完善，振动产生的机理认识也不够清楚；同时在工程上，车-桥梁耦合自激振动问题仍未得到很好解决。为此本文从三个不同角度来分析车-桥梁耦合自激振动的基本原理。本文首先建立了单悬浮点-弹性桥梁简化的耦合模型，并基于此最小耦合模型，从能量传递的角度阐述了自激振动的机理，并指出悬浮系统在特定频段的有源性是导致自激振动产生的根本原因。其次，将桥梁子系统作为整个耦合系统的前向通道，将悬浮子系统视为耦合系统的反馈通道，由此从耦合系统的特征多项式的角度分析了自激振动的机理。最后根据系统开环传递函数，利用稳定性判据分析了自激振动的基本原理。基于上述分析，本文得出了四个有效结论，为认识并解决自激振动问题提供了理论参考。最后在构建起整个动态模型之上，进行了相应的数字仿真分析，仿真结果验证了所得出结论的正确性。
Abstract
As the train is suspended above the guideway in static state, the electromagnets of the maglev, together with the guideway, tend to vibrate in vertical direction, and this phenomenon is called maglev vehicle-guideway coupled self-excited vibration. So far, the research of this problem has not been perfect and the principle of the self-excited vibration has not yet been well studied; and in practice, the vehicle-guideway coupled self-excited vibration problem has not been solved, either. In order to master the problems, the underlying principles of the self-excited vibration are analyzed in three aspects. First of all, a simplified interaction model containing a flexible bridge and a single levitation unit is presented. Then, based on the minimum interaction model, the principle of the self-excited vibration from the energy transmission is explored. It shows that the active property in specific frequency band of the levitation system is the root of self-excited vibration. Secondly, the bridge subsystem is regarded as the forward channel, while the levitation subsystem is viewed as the feedback channel of the coupled system, and the underlying principle of the self-excited vibration from the characteristic polynomial of the coupled system is listed. Finally, the stability criterion is used to analyze the basis of self-excited vibration according to the open-loop transfer function of the system. In summary， four conclusions are obtained, which may provide theoretical references for the understanding and settling of stationary self-excited vibration problems of maglev. At last, based on the built overall dynamic model with details, numerical simulations are carried out and the results verify the correctness of conclusions.
关键词
磁浮列车 /
自激振动 /
机理分析 /
仿真验证
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