基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论和声学理论，建立了考虑扣件刚度频变特性的轮轨滚动噪声频域分析模型。模型中，通过车轮有限元分析获得其模态特征向量，建立考虑车轮弹性的动力学方程；钢轨视为由刚度随频率变化的扣件离散支承的铁摩辛柯梁模型；通过等效线性化轮轨接触形成轮轨耦合动力学频域分析模型。将轨道粗糙度作为输入并考虑接触区滤波，计算得到了车轮和钢轨的振动响应频谱及声辐射功率频谱，并分析了扣件刚度频变特性对轮轨垂向振动以及轮轨滚动噪声的影响。结果表明，扣件刚度的频变特性对钢轨导纳特性、轮轨相互作用力频谱、钢轨总声功率影响明显，而对车轮总声功率影响较小；与扣件常刚度模型计算结果相比，钢轨振动沿纵向传播的衰减率增大，钢轨声辐射功率在100~1250Hz频段明显减小，轮轨总辐射声功率约减小2.4dBA。轮轨噪声辐射声压预测值与试验结果对比表明，频变刚度模型可有效修正常刚度系数模型对轮轨噪声的过高估计。
Abstract
A model for predicting wheel-rail vibration noise in the frequency domain is derived based on vehicle-track coupled dynamic theory and acoustic theory, which accounts for the characteristics of frequency-dependent stiffness of rail fastener. In the model, a wheel dynamic model is established considering the wheel elasticity through the inclusion of wheel mode shape vectors obtained by FE analysis of the wheel; the rail is modeled as a Timoshenko beam which is discretely supported on the rail fasteners with frequency-dependent stiffness; the wheel-rail coupled dynamic model for frequency-domain analysis is formed through the equivalent linear wheel-rail contact. The vibration response spectrums and acoustic radiation power spectrums of the wheel and rail are calculated by taking the rail roughness filtered in contact region as excitation input, and the influence of the frequency-dependent stiffness of rail fasteners on the wheel-rail vibration and rolling noise. Results show that the frequency-dependent behavior of the rail fastener stiffness has significant effects on the rail receptance, wheel-rail force spectrum, and the total acoustic power of the rail, whereas it has little influence on the total acoustic power of the wheel; compared to the results obtained by the ordinary model with a constant stiffness of rail pad; the decay rate of rail vibration along the track is larger, the acoustic power of rail is smaller at the frequencies of 100~1250Hz, and the total acoustic power of the wheel and rail decrease about 2.4 dBA; comparison of wheel-rail noise radiation pressure with experimental test indicates that the proposed prediction model can be deemed preferable to the ordinary model which overestimates wheel-rail noise.
关键词
扣件刚度 /
车辆-轨道耦合动力学 /
轮轨滚动噪声 /
频域分析 /
频变特性
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Key words
rail fastener stiffness /
vehicle-track coupled dynamics /
wheel-rail rolling noise /
frequency analysis /
frequency-dependent characteristics
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