半地下覆土油罐常用于储存汽油、柴油等易燃易爆油品，一旦被引燃，短时间内将产生极强的爆炸压力波，造成储罐的严重破坏并带来灾难性后果，油气爆炸冲击荷载的研究是进行储罐安全设计的基础。本文利用等比例模拟容器，基于实验对覆土立式油罐罐内油气爆炸冲击载荷特性进行了实验研究，获得了密闭条件下油罐内不同位置处的压力荷载的变化规律，油气爆炸压力荷载变化分为四个阶段：点火孕育期、加速突变期、衰弱振荡期、惯性波动期，罐顶位置处的压力荷载数值要明显大于罐壁和罐底处的压力荷载数值。进一步考察了初始油气浓度、初始点火能量、初始温度等相关参数对爆炸冲击荷载的影响规律。研究结果表明：爆炸超压随浓度的变化呈先增大后减小的规律，当初始浓度为1.71%时，爆炸超压荷载达到最大值。爆炸超压值与点火能成正比关系，与初始环境温度成反比关系。
Abstract
Semi underground oil tank is often used to store gasoline, diesel oil and other flammable and explosive oil. Strong explosion pressure wave will produced during a very short period of time once meet fire, and causes serious damage and disastrous consequences. The study of oil and gas explosion loading is the basis for safety design of tank. In this paper, the characteristics of loading of gasoline-air mixture explosion in tank are experimentally studied, and the variation of the overpressure time history at different positions was obtained. The explosion pressure loading can be divided into four stages: the ignition incubation period, the accelerated mutation period, the weak oscillation period, the inertia fluctuation period, and the overpressure at the top of the tank is significantly larger than that of the wall and the bottom. The influence of initial oil gas concentration, initial ignition energy, initial temperature and other related parameters was investigated. The results shows that: the change of overpressure increased to the max and then decreased with extending concentration , and the most dangerous concentration is 1.71%. The lower the initial temperature and the greater the ignition energy, the greater the impact load value.
关键词
半地下 /
油罐 /
油气 /
爆炸冲击荷载 /
超压值
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Key words
semi underground /
vault tank /
gasoline-air mixture /
explosion loading /
overpressure value
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