预裂缝对爆破振动频谱分布特征的影响

PDF(3710 KB)

振动与冲击 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7) : 191-198.

论文

预裂缝对爆破振动频谱分布特征的影响

饶宇1,2，夏元友2，胡英国1，赵根1，吴新霞1

作者信息 +

Influence of pre-splitting crack on spectrum distribution characteristics of blasting vibration

RAO Yu1,2,XIA Yuanyou2,HU Yingguo1,ZHAO Gen1,WU Xinxia1

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

预裂孔首先起爆形成贯通预裂缝对随后主爆孔爆破的振动频谱特征和能量分布产生重大影响。依托金沙江白鹤滩水电站左岸坝肩边坡开挖爆破试验，通过对预裂孔爆破和主爆破（主爆孔+缓冲孔）的振动信号进行小波包分析，获得预裂孔爆破和主爆破的功率谱和能量谱，通过对比发现：爆破振动的能量主要集中于40Hz以内且分布极不均匀，存在多个主振频带。而在同一次爆破试验中，不同测点预裂孔爆破的主振频带比主爆破的主振频带分布更广，主爆破的主振频带集中于低频段，并且主爆破的能量和功率向低频的主振频带集中，反映出预裂孔爆破形成的预裂缝能很好地阻挡主爆破能量的传播，并存在高频滤波效应，频率较高、波长较短的振动应力波被预裂缝过滤，而频率较低、波长较长的应力波能更好地穿透预裂缝。

Abstract

Penetrating presplit cracks induced by presplit blasting have a great influence on spectrum distribution characteristics and energy distribution of the main blast hole’s blasting.The excavation blasting tests were conducted at Baihetan hydropower station dam section’s rock high side slope on the left bank side of Jingsha River.Based on the data obtained with the excavation blasting tests,the vibration signals’ power spectral density and energy spectral density of the main blast hole’s blasting and presplit blasting were gained using the wavelet packet analysis.The results showed that the blasting vibration energy focuses on the range of 0-40 Hz,and the energy distribution is extremely uneven; there are several main vibration frequency bands; the main vibration frequency bands of presplit holes blasting are distributed more widely than those of the main blast holes blasting be at different measured points in one excavation blasting test; compared with presplit holes blasting,the power spectral density and energy spectral density of the main blast holes blasting are centralized into main vibration frequency bands with lower frequencies; the pre-splitting crack induced by presplit blasting can prevent the energy transmission of the main blasting,and there is an effect of higher frequency filtering; the lower-frequency vibration stress waves with longer wavelength can better pass through pre-splitting cracks.

导出引用

饶宇1,2，夏元友2，胡英国1，赵根1，吴新霞1. 预裂缝对爆破振动频谱分布特征的影响[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(7): 191-198

RAO Yu1,2,XIA Yuanyou2,HU Yingguo1,ZHAO Gen1,WU Xinxia1. Influence of pre-splitting crack on spectrum distribution characteristics of blasting vibration[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(7): 191-198

参考文献

[1] 何军, 梁文基. 爆破震动信号的小波分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1998, 20(1): 47-50.
HE Jun, LIANG Wen-ji. Wavelet analysis for blasting seismic signals[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1998, 20(1): 47-50.
[2] 张耀平, 曹平, 高赛红. 爆破振动信号的小波包分解及各频段的能量分布特征[J]. 金属矿山, 2007, 377(11):1001-1250.
ZHANG Yao-ping, CAO Ping, GAO Sai-hong. Wavelet packet decomposition of blasting vibration signals and energy distribution characteristics of frequency bands[J]. Mental Mine, 2007, (11): 42–47.
[3] Capilla C. Application of the Haar wavelet transform to detect microseismic signal arrivals[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2006, 59(1): 36-46.
[4] 雷文杰, 王兆丰, 韩真理, 等. 采动效应微震特征及其变化规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(4): 795-803.
LEI Wen-jie, WANG Zhao-feng, HAN Zhen-li, et al. Micro-seismic characteristics and its change laws responded by mining effects[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(4): 795-803.
[5] 赵明生, 梁开水, 余德运, 等. 段数对爆破振动信号的时频特性影响分析[J]. 煤炭学报, 2012, 37(1):55-61.
ZHAO Ming-sheng, LIANG Kai-shui, YU De-yun, et al. Effect of segments on time frequency characteristics of blasting vibration signals[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2012, 37(1):55-61.
[6] 凌同华, 李夕兵. 多段微差爆破振动信号频带能量分布特征的小波包分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, 24(7):1117-1122.
LING Tong-hua, LI Xi-bing. Analysis of energy distributions of millisecond blast vibration signals using the wavelet packet method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(7):1 117-1122.
[7] 中国生, 敖丽萍, 赵奎. 基于小波包能量谱爆炸参量对爆破振动信号能量分布的影响[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(3):300-305.
ZHONG Guo-sheng, AO Li-ping, ZhAO Kui. Influence of explosion parameters on energy distribution of blasting vibration signal based on wavelet packet energy spectrum[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(3):300-305.
[8] 李夕兵, 张义平, 刘志祥, 等. 爆破震动信号的小波分析与HHT变换[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2005, 25(6):528-535.
LI Xi-bing, ZHANG Yi-ping, LIU Zhi-xiang, et al. Wavelet analysis and hilbert-huang transform of blasting vibration signal[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2005, 25(6): 528-535.
[9] 谢全民, 龙源, 钟明寿, 等. 基于小波、小波包两种方法的爆破振动信号对比分析[J]. 工程爆破, 2009, 15(1):5-9.
XIE Quan-min, LONG Yuan, ZHONG Ming-shou, et al. Comparative analysis of blasting vibration signal based on wavelet and wavelet packets transform [J]. Engineering Blasting, 2009, 15(1): 5-9.
[10] 宋波, 曹野. 基于小波能量的爆破震动巷道围岩稳定性判据[J]. 岩土力学, 2013, 34(增刊1):234-240.
SONG Bo, CAO Ye. Stability criterion of surrounding rock in roadway under blasting vibration load based on wavelet energy[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(S1): 234-240.
[11] 宗琦, 汪海波, 徐颖, 等. 基于 HHT 方法的煤矿巷道掘进爆破地震波信号分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2013, 32(15): 116-120.
ZONG Qi, WANG Hai-bo, et al. Analysis of blasting seismic wave signal in coalmine roadway excavation based on HHT method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2013, 32(15): 116-120.
[12] 李焕君, 璩世杰, 李岩, 等. 预裂缝对爆破震动信号频率的影响研究[J]. 现代矿业, 2014, 30(2): 84-89.
LI Huan-jun, QU Shi-jie, LI Yan, et al. Research on the Influence of Pre-splitting Fissure to the Frequency of Blasting Vibration Signals[J]. Modern Mining, 2014, 30(2): 84-89.
[13] 闫长斌, 王贵军, 石守亮, 等. 岩体爆破损伤声波测试信号频谱特征的小波（包）分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(7):1496-1502.
YAN Chang-bin, WANG Gui-jun, SHI Shou-liang, et al. Analysis of acoustic wave frequency spectrum characters of rock mass under blasting damage based on wavelet (packet) transformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(7): 1496-1502.
[14] 胡英国, 卢文波, 陈明, 等. 不同开挖方式下岩石高边坡损伤演化过程比较[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2013, 32(6): 1176-1184.
HU Ying-guo, LU Wen-bo, CHEN Ming, et al. Comparison of damage evolution process of high rock slope excavated by different methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2013, 32(6): 1176-1184.
[15] 宋光明. 爆破振动小波包分析理论与应用研究[M]. 长沙: 国防科技大学出版社, 2008.
SONG Guang-ming. Blasting vibration wavelet analysis: theory and applications[M]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology Press, 2008.
[16] 胡昌华, 张军波, 夏军等. 基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析[M]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 2000.
HU Chang-hua, ZHANG Jun-bo, XIA Jun, et al. The wavelet analysis to system analysis and design based on Matlab Wavelet Analysis[M]. Xi’an: Xi’an University Press, 2000.