汽车侧窗风振噪声与侧窗开度是密不可分的，在现有针对汽车侧窗风振噪声数值研究中，都仅限于固定开度的仿真计算，很难准确找出最大风振噪声对应的侧窗开度。采用非结构网格弹性变形与局部重构网格相结合的动网格技术计算简易车厢的风振噪声，仿真计算结果与传统方法计算结果吻合良好。在此基础上，运用该方法实现了实车侧窗连续开度的风振噪声计算，通过与传统方法和实车道路试验进行对比，进一步验证了该数值计算方法的正确性。结果表明该数值模拟方法突破了以往固定开度风振噪声研究的局限，更真实地模拟侧窗连续开启这一动态过程。通过该方法准确找出了最大风振噪声对应的侧窗开度，并对该开度下的风振噪声特性进行了分析。在对风振噪声计算与特性分析基础上，通过建立汽车左后侧窗非光滑表面雨挡模型，运用多岛遗传算法，对其结构参数进行了多目标优化，取得了较为理想的降噪效果。结果表明附加上雨挡装置后，乘员舱后部漩涡明显减少，流速与流量降低，使得回流至前排座椅的涡速也同步下降，同时雨挡装置将左后窗表面一部分层流转化成为湍流，直接影响了该区域附近的湍流能量与强度，间接降低了驾驶员耳旁的声压级，有雨挡装置相较无雨挡装置，驾驶员耳旁监测点的噪声值从129dB降至123.82dB，降低约5dB，幅度达到4%。
Abstract
Vehicle buffeting noise and opening degree of sidewindow are inextricable. At present, numerical study of wind buffeting noise is limited to the simulation of fixed opening. To find out the window opening degree which is responsible for the maximum wind buffeting noise, it is necessary to study wind buffeting noise of continuous opening vehicle sidewindows . The dynamic mesh technology integrating partial unstructured grids with a springbased smoothing method and a remeshing method was applied to simulate the cavity buffeting noise. Simulation results show that virtual prediction agrees well with the traditional prediction. This method was employed to compute the vehicle buffeting noise based on continuous opening degree of sidewindow. The results of simulation coincide well with the results of traditional method and road test. It demonstrates that this method has surpassed the method of fixed opening degree, which more practically simulates the buffeting noise in the process of opening the sidewindow. Buffeting characteristics was analyzed under the case of opening degree corresponding to maximum noise. Through the establishment of non-smooth surface rain guard near the rear side window, ideal noise reduction effect was obtained by using the multi-objective genetic algorithm and optimizing structure parameters. The results show that the rain guard can reduce the number of rear vortex of passenger compartment, decrease the flow velocity of reflux vortex, and transform laminar flow around the window into turbulence, thus the energy and intensity of turbulent flow are directly affected by such rain guard structure. Sound pressure level of monitoring point declines from 129 dB to 123.82 dB, the extent and rate of descent are about 5 dB and 4%, respectively.
关键词
动网格 /
雨挡 /
风振噪声 /
优化
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Key words
dynamic meshes /
rain guard /
buffeting noise /
optimization
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