探讨了地铁隧道精确控制爆破中电子雷管在振动控制和岩石破碎效果改善方面的作用机理，并提出了多因素相关的孔间延期时间优选计算方法。计算结果表明：孔间延期时间过短不利于爆破振动控制，引起的地面振动强度较大。采用高精度电子雷管进行精确控制爆破时，延期时间应不小于新自由面形成所需要的时间。根据计算结果，得出掏槽孔和辅助孔孔延期时间可设置为3～5 ms。工程应用表明，理论计算的孔间延期时间合理、可靠；延期时间优选的方案可有效降低爆破振动峰值，有利于建筑结构的安全；振动信号内各频带能量比例分布更均匀，减小了能量在低频带的集中程度，岩石的破碎效果改善显著；计算方法的可行性得到验证。
Abstract
The action mechanism of an electronic detonator for vibrations control and improving rock fragmentation effect in metro tunnel precisely controlled blasting was analyzed. The optimization calculation method related to multi-factor for blasting delay time of holes with distances was proposed. The result showed that too short delay time for holes with distances goes against blasting vibration control, the caused ground surface vibration is larger; when using an electronic detonator with a higher accuracy to do precisely controlled blasting, the delay time must be longer than the time to form new free surface; according to the theoretical calculation results, the reasonable blasting delay time between a cut hole and an auxiliary hole may be 3~5 ms, the engineering application proves this delay time is reasonable and reliable; the delay time optimal scheme can effectively reduce the peak value of blasting vibration and it is in favor of the safety of structures; after using the optimal delay time, in blasting vibration signals, energy distribution in various frequency bands is more uniform to avoid energy concentrating in lower frequency bands, rock fragmentation effect is improved significantly; the feasibility of the proposed calculation method is verified.
关键词
地铁隧道 /
延期时间 /
电子雷管 /
岩石破碎 /
精确控制爆破
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Key words
metro tunnel /
delay time /
electronic detonator /
rock fragmentation /
precisely controlled blasting
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