通过对某海上风电场的两座多桩-混凝土承台式5WM风力机塔筒的振动监测，得出了此类型风力机塔筒的振动特性。对3年的监测数据分析，得出此类型风力机塔筒有以下振动特性：风力机处于工作状态时，机舱的对风向偏航会引起塔筒频繁出现强振现象。此类强振具有持续时间达几十秒、加速度峰值可达10m/s^2、每个月出现几百次等特点。风力机处于停机状态时，在小风作用下，塔筒振动平稳、加速度峰值在0.1m/s^2以下；在台风作用下，塔筒振动波动较大、加速度峰值也可达10m/s^2，但是由于风力激励起了塔筒的第2阶及第3阶振型，导致塔筒的最大加速度出现在塔筒中部。在3年监测时间内，塔筒的前3阶固有频率值和阻尼比值未发生变化。监测结果表明：多桩-混凝土承台式风力机的塔筒在台风、机舱对风向偏航期间，都会产生强烈振动。因此，除了台风外，机舱的对风向偏航引起塔筒的强振现象过于频繁发生，也是风力机支撑架疲劳损伤的重要因素之一。本文的研究成果可为此类型风力机的塔筒设计、运营安全监测及损伤诊断提供参考。
Abstract
Through monitoring a certain offshore wind power field’s two multi-pile-concrete 5 MW wind turbines’ towers vibration, its characteristics were obtained. From the analysis results of three years，monitoring data, multi-pile-concrete wind turbine towers revealed vibration characteristics that when wind turbines are in working states, cabin yaws to the wind cause towers’ frequent strong vibrations, these strong vibrations last for tens of seconds, their acceleration peaks can reach 10 m/s2, these strong vibrations appear for hundreds times per month; when wind turbines are in shutdown state, under action of small wind, tower vibration is steady and its acceleration peak is below 0.1 m/s2, under action of typhoon, tower vibration fluctuates largely and its acceleration peak can reach 10 m/s2, but the wind excites the second and third orders modal shapes of tower, the maximum acceleration of tower appears in its middle; within 3-year long monitoring period, the first 3 natural frequencies and damping ratios of tower unchanged. The monitoring results showed that towers of multi-pile-concrete wind turbines cause strong vibrations during typhoon and cabin yaws to the wind; so, besides typhoon, cabin yaws to the wind causing tower strong vibrations too often is also one of important factors to lead to fatigue damage of wind turbines’ towers. The study results provided a reference for design, safe monitoring in operation and damage diagnosis of this type wind turbines.
关键词
振动监测 /
多桩-混凝土承台式风力机 /
台风 /
机舱对风向偏航
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Key words
vibration monitoring /
Multi-pile - concrete Wind Turbine /
typhoon /
Cabin yaw to wind direction
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