屋盖局部损坏是大跨度航站楼风致破坏的最典型形式，尤其是在强台风频繁发生的东南沿海地区。针对现存土木工程台风模型理论体系过度简化的问题，引入基于非静力平衡欧拉方程模型的天气预报模式（Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF）对“鲇鱼”台风进行高时空分辨率模拟。以厦门国际机场航站楼为例，首先采用三重嵌套的中尺度WRF技术分析了“鲇鱼”台风近地面三维风场特性，并基于非线性最小二乘法拟合得到边界层风速剖面。然后通过用户自定义函数确定小尺度CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟的入流风场，采用标准k-ε湍流模型分别模拟台风风场及良态A类风场环境中大跨度航站楼结构风场分布，基于悬空屋檐上下端压差分析确定了最不利来流风向角。最后基于大涡模拟技术深入探讨了最不利工况下屋盖极值风压特性，对比阐释了台风和A类风场下屋盖流场及风压形成机理。结果表明：采用WRF模式可以有效模拟近地面台风风场，拟合的台风剖面指数为0.091；考虑中尺度台风影响会增大屋盖平均和极值风压，极值风压最大增幅可达31%。研究结论可为此类大跨度航站楼屋盖台风荷载取值与抗台风设计提供科学依据。
Abstract
Roof partial damage is the most typical form of wind-induced damage of long-span terminals, especially, in China southeast coastal areas where strong typhoons frequently occur.Here, aiming at the problem of excessive simple typhoon model in the existing civil engineering theory system, the weather forecast model WRF based on the non-static equilibrium Euler equation model was introduced to simulate the typhoon Catfish with higher space-time resolution.Xiamen international airport terminal was taken as an example.Firstly, the triple nested mesoscale WRF technique was used to analyze the typhoon Catfish near-ground 3-D wind field characteristics, and the boundary layer wind speed profile was obtained based on nonlinear least squares fitting.Then, the user-defined function was used to determine the inflow wind field of small scale CFD numerical simulation, the standard k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the typhoon wind field and wind field distribution of large-span terminal structure in good state class A wind field environment, respectively.The most unfavorable incoming flow’s wind direction angle was determined based on the pressure difference analysis between upper and lower ends of suspended eaves.Finally, the extreme value wind pressure characteristics of the terminal roof under the most unfavorable working conditions were deeply explored based on the large eddy simulation technique, and the flow field and wind pressure forming mechanisms of the roof under typhoon and class A wind field were presented contrastively.The results showed that WRF model can be used to effectively simulate the near-ground typhoon wind field, and the fitted typhoon profile index is 0.091; considering effects of mesoscale typhoon can increase the roof’s average wind pressure and extreme value one, the latter can be increased up to 31%; the study results can provide a scientific basis for typhoon load choosing and anti-typhoon design of such long-span terminal roofs.
关键词
航站楼 /
台风 /
WRF模式 /
大涡模拟 /
风压特性
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Key words
terminal /
typhoon /
WRF model /
large eddy simulation /
wind pressure characteristics
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