疏水硅胶是一种由水和布满微孔的疏水硅胶颗粒组成的缓冲介质，将疏水硅胶密封在可压缩的液压缸内即可形成疏水硅胶缓冲器。在冲击过程中利用水分子侵入和逸出疏水微孔，可以实现能量的存储、转化和消耗。基于Laplace-Washburn方程和接触角迟滞模型，研究水分子侵入和逸出疏水微孔的过程，建立疏水硅胶的力学模型；采用准静态试验验证疏水硅胶的力学模型，并根据实测的力-位移曲线计算疏水硅胶的耗能效率。结果表明：理论与试验结果具较好的一致性；疏水硅胶在加载与卸载过程中呈现较大的迟滞现象，是一种理想的吸能材料；若设计得当，疏水硅胶具有优异的缓冲性能。
Abstract
Hydrophobic silica gel is a shock energy absorption buffer medium consisting of water and hydrophobic silica gel particles covered with micro-pores. It is sealed in a compressible hydraulic cylinder to form a hydrophobic silica gel buffer. During impact processes, water molecules invade and escape from hydrophobic micro-pores to realize energy storage, conversion and dissipation. Based on Laplace-Washburn equation and the contact angle hysteresis model, the process of water molecules invading and escaping from hydrophobic micro-pores was studied to establish hydrophobic silica gel’s mechanical model. Quasi-static tests were used to verify this mechanical model, and according to the actually measured force-displacement curve, the energy-dissipating efficiency of hydrophobic silica gel was calculated. The results showed that the theoretical results are better consistent to test ones; hydrophobic silica gel reveals a larger hysteretic phenomenon in loading and unloading processes, it is an ideal energy-absorbing material; if the design is appropriate, hydrophobic silica gel has excellent buffering performance.
关键词
疏水硅胶 /
迟滞 /
缓冲
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Key words
hydrophobic silica particle /
hysteresis /
buffer
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