现有的以谱峭度为核心的滤波算法无法同时分离提取由轴承和齿轮故障激起的高频共振带。针对该问题，本文舍弃以共振带提取为核心的诊断思路，直接提取、重置和定量表达时变非平稳的故障特征成分，提出了基于Vold-Kalman 广义解调的变转速滚动轴承和齿轮复合故障诊断策略。该策略的核心是首先利用Vold-Kalman滤波从原始信号的包络中提取时变非平稳的轴承和齿轮故障特征成分；其次，通过广义解调变换(Generalized Demodulation Transform, GDT)将上述提取的时变非平稳故障特征成分进行平稳化重置；再次，利用快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT)对上述重置的故障特征成分进行定量表达；最后，通过频率谱中峰值与理论频率点的对比完成故障点定位。其中用于提取、重置和识别故障特征成分的频率函数、相位函数和频率点可由转频方程和机械结构参数计算。仿真和实测信号的分析结果表明所提算法无需共振带选取和角域重采样即可完成变转速轴承和齿轮复合故障特征的提取。另外，与传统带通滤波方法的对比进一步表明本文算法去除无关项干扰、突出故障特征成分的优越性。
Abstract
The spectral kurtosis based filtering algorithms cannot work well for distinguishing the differences between the two resonance bands excited by bearing and gear multi-fault. Hence, the traditional band-pass based methods were given up, and based on the extraction, reset and quantitative expressing of time-varying nonstationary fault characteristics, a new strategy was proposed for the bearing and gear multi-fault diagnosis under time-varying speeds based on the Vold-Kalman generalized demodulation. The essence of the proposed method is as follows: extract the time-varying nonstationary fault feature components from the envelope of raw signals using the Vold-Kalman filtering algorithm, reset the extracted filtering components by the generalized demodulation transform, quantitatively express these demodulated components using the FFT, and lastly determine the faults by comparing the theoretical frequency points and the peaks in spectrums. The fault characteristic frequency functions and their corresponding phase functions and frequency poisnts were calculated according to the rotational frequency equation of the target bearing and the mechanical structure parameters. The analysis results of some practical simulated and experimental multi-fault signals under time-varying rotating speeds validate that the proposed method is reliable to diagnose faulted bearings and gears without any frequency band location and angular resampling. The contrastive analysis results further verify its superiority in the interference terms elimination.
关键词
滚动轴承 /
齿轮 /
复合故障诊断 /
变转速 /
Vold-Kalman滤波 /
广义解调变换
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Key words
rolling element bearing /
gear /
multi-fault diagnosis /
time-varying speeds /
Vold-Kalman filter /
generalized demodulation transform
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