为解决钻爆法根底超欠挖问题以及提高炸药在爆破中的做功能力，提出了一种螺旋管聚能药包。为验证此药包的爆破优势，设计了钻孔爆破试验，并进行了数值计算和现场应用。试验结果表明，相比于普通药包，螺旋管聚能药包的炮孔利用率提高7.2%、扩孔率提高8.4%，且能产生射流垂直侵彻孔壁，使孔壁产生径向裂缝，进而使水泥砂浆试样出现层裂，有助于产生平整根底。数值模拟显示了螺旋管药包形成射流和侵彻过程，得到靶板受力规律。现场应用结果表明，将螺旋管聚能药包装填于炮孔孔底，爆破后根底高度平均比普通装药低3.6%，根底高度标准差比普通装药少37.5%。研究成果在爆破工程应用中有很大价值，可以降低施工成本、加快施工进度、提高爆破效果，适合在矿山开采、井巷掘进等工程中使用。
Abstract
In order to solve the root bottom extra-insufficient problem of drilling and blasting method, come up with a kind of explosive charge which shaped charge is spiral tube. Firstly, test of this explosive charge to the drilling and blasting system were done. The results show that there is shaped effect when spiral aluminium tube as shaped charge liner, and this explosive charge can generate metal jet to penetrate into the wall of hole, and it can improve the borehole utilization at 7.2% and the borehole expansion rate at 8.4%. Meanwhile, deep borehole blasting test was done in the field. The results show that using this explosive charge should reduce the standoff to improve the effect of penetration. Filling the bottom of borehole during deep borehole blasting, the average depth of the root bottom is 3.6% deeper than general charge, and the standard deviation of depth of the root bottom is 37.5% less than general charge. These researches are of great value in the application of engineering blasting, such as reducing construction cost, speeding up construction progress and improving blasting effect and it is suitable for mining and shaft excavation.
关键词
螺旋管药型罩 /
径向射流 /
深孔爆破 /
聚能爆破 /
爆破根底
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Key words
spiral tube shaped charge /
radial jet /
deep borehole blasting /
cumulative blasting /
root bottom of blasting.
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