建立了圆柱壳-水-冰的声固耦合系统的数值模型。采用有限元法和边界元法分别建立了圆柱壳结构模型、流体声学模型、冰介质弹性体模型，并进行了振动和水下声辐射计算，将无冰情况下的圆柱壳水下声辐射数值计算结果与模型试验进行对比，验证了数值算法的有效性；在此基础上分析了潜深状态和冰层参数对圆柱壳声振特性的影响规律。结果表明：圆柱壳全浸状态下，冰层对结构的振动影响很小，对声辐射影响较大；圆柱壳与冰层接触时，冰层参数和潜浮状态对振动和声辐射特性影响很大；低频段时声指向性变化不明显，随着频率的增加在高频段时声指向性变得更为复杂；为研究极地冰区环境下的潜艇声振特性提供了一种途径。
Abstract
Here, finite element method (FEM) and boundary element one (BEM) were used to establish a cylindrical shell structural model, a hydroacoustic one and an ice medium elastomer one, respectively, and furthermore a numerical model for cylindrical shell-water-ice acoustic-structure coupled system was established. Its vibration and underwater acoustic radiation calculations were performed. Numerical results of the cylindrical shell’s underwater acoustic radiation without ice were compared with those of model tests to verify the effectiveness of this numerical model. Then, effect laws of submergence state and ice layer parameters on cylindrical shell vibro-acoustic characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that under full immersion state of cylindrical shell, ice layer has little effects on structure vibration and great effects on sound radiation; when cylindrical shell is in contact with ice layer, parameters of ice layer and submergence or floating state have great effects on cylindrical shell’s vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics; within lower frequency range, change of acoustic directivity is not obvious, with increase in frequency, acoustic directivity becomes more complex within higher frequency range; the study results provide a way for studying submarine vibro-acoustic characteristics under polar ice environment.
关键词
圆柱壳 /
冰 /
声固耦合 /
振动 /
声辐射
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