以降低城市轨道车辆的车体刚性振动和弹性振动为目的，利用模态的正交性，将车体等效为均质等截面Eluer梁，建立了考虑车体弹性的车-轨-复合吸振器垂向动力学耦合模型，提出了适用于该模型的复合吸振器的设计方法。针对城市轨道车辆运行工况，通过解析求解出复合吸振器刚度、质量参数和目标频率的函数关系式，遍历复合吸振器两振子质量，从而获得与之匹配的刚度参数。利用建立的车体振动能量的评价指标，对不同参数设计复合吸振器的减振性能进行评价，获得车体振动能量最小时的复合吸振器的参数设计。最后，结合车辆的平稳性指标对复合吸振器的减振效果进行验证。研究结果表明：复合吸振器存在两固有频率，对其进行参数的设计时，应首先保证两固有频率与车体浮沉固有频率和一阶弹性频率相谐调，建立的车体振动能量评价指标可以用于对不同设计的吸振器减振性能进行综合评价。复合吸振器的安装，对车体刚性和弹性振动都有较好的减振效果，有利于车辆的运行品质的提升。为利用复合吸振器以降低车辆垂向振动的研究和应用提供一定的参考价值。
Abstract
To reduce vibration of urban rail vehicle body, using modal orthogonality, car body was equivalent to a homogeneous Euler beam with uniform cross-section, the vertical dynamic model of an elastic body-track-composite absorber rigid-flexible coupled system was established, and the design method for composite absorber suitable for this model was proposed.According to operating conditions of urban rail vehicles, the functional relation among stiffness, mass parameters and target frequency of the composite absorber was solved analytically.By going through the mass value of two vibrators of the composite absorber, its matching stiffness parameters were obtained.Using the established evaluation index of the body vibration energy, the vibration reduction performance of the composite absorber designed with different parameters was evaluated to obtain the parametric design of the composite absorber with the minimum body vibration energy.Finally, the vibration reduction effect of the composite absorber was verified by combining with the vehicle stationarity index.The research results showed that there are two natural frequencies of the composite absorber; when designing its parameters, the two natural frequencies should be coordinated with the natural frequency of vehicle body floating and sinking and body first-order elastic frequency; the established body vibration energy evaluation index can be used to comprehensively evaluate vibration reduction performance of absorbers with different designs; the composite absorber installation has a better vibration reduction effect on the vehicle body vibration, and improves the vehicle’s operation quality; the study results provide a reference for the research using composite vibration absorbers to reduce vehicle vertical vibration.
关键词
车体减振
/
弹性振动 /
垂向振动 /
复合吸振器 /
平稳性
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Key words
car body vibration reduction /
elastic vibration /
vertical vibration /
composite vibration absorber /
stationarity
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