动叶片断裂是燃气轮机的主要故障模式之一，研究叶片断裂故障的振动特征及诊断方法对保障燃气轮机安全可靠运行至关重要。基于叶片尾流激振力产生机理，研究了燃气轮机叶片振动响应传递路径及尾流激振力变化规律，构建了静子叶片振动响应模型，推导了转子叶片断裂后振动响应的变化规律。基于叶片通过频率及工频振动分量的响应特征，提出了基于改进启发式分割算法（IHSA）的叶片断裂故障识别方法，可实现叶片断裂的故障类型判断与及时告警。进一步根据振动响应特征及实际燃气轮机运行控制原理，构造了叶片断裂位置识别因子γ，通过同一转子上各级叶片γ值的对比可实现断裂位置的辨识。结合故障识别方法与断裂位置辨识方法，提出了一种燃气轮机压气机动叶片断裂故障的诊断方法。某型燃气轮机故障案例分析证实了振动特征与诊断方法在工程应用中的有效性。
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Rotor blade fracture is one of the main failure modes of gas turbines.It is of great significance to study the vibration features and diagnosis methods for the blade fracture failure to ensure the safe and reliable operation of gas turbines.The transmission path of the blade vibration response and the variation law of the wake excitation force were studied based on the generation mechanism of blade wake excitation force.A vibration response model for stator blades was established in order to derive the variation of the rotor blade vibration response after blade fracture failure.Then according to the response features of blade passing frequency and fundamental frequency components, a fault identification method for blade fracture was proposed based on an improved heuristic segmentation algorithm（IHSA）, which can realize the fault type judgment and timely warning of blade fracture.Furthermore, the identification factor γ for estimating the blade fracture position was introduced according to the features of vibration responses and the principle of actual gas turbine’s operation and control.The identification of fracture position was realized by comparing the γ values of blades at different stages of the same rotor.Finally, a fault diagnosis method for blade fracture in a gas turbine’s compressor was proposed combining the above mentioned fault identification method and fracture location estimation method.The effectiveness of the vibration features and the diagnosis method in engineering application was verified by analyzing a gas turbine fault case.