高压水射流技术作为一种高效开采油气资源的方法已广泛应用于资源开采领域，考虑到高压水射流冲击下非常规油气储层岩破坏特征的不同，以具有代表性的煤、砂岩、页岩为研究对象，开展水射流破岩试验，采用扫描电子显微镜、CT和核磁共振技术分析煤岩破坏形式、微观破坏形貌和孔隙结构变化。结果表明，在相同试验参数条件下，高压水射流冲击下三种岩体破坏特征具有明显差别，在破坏模式上冲蚀后煤体以水楔作用主导的纵向劈裂为主，砂岩以射流的剥蚀破坏主导的“纺锤形”破碎坑为主，而页岩以应力波和水楔作用造成的浅部横向环状裂纹及底部的纵向劈裂破坏为主。损伤程度上，煤体不同深度截面损伤度在10%以内波动，砂岩仅破碎坑处具有微弱损伤，页岩浅部损伤严重，最大可达70%。冲蚀前后的孔隙检测表明，冲蚀后煤体内大孔是冲蚀前的8倍，冲蚀后砂岩内部微孔大量转化为中孔，页岩内部大孔显著增加约为冲蚀前的300倍。冲蚀后的微观断裂机制表现出，煤体表面留有晶体断裂痕迹；砂岩冲蚀面岩石碎屑大量减少，留有大量孔隙；页岩冲蚀面上可见整齐晶体拉伸断裂痕迹。研究结果可为水射流提高非常规天然气储层岩破碎效率提供理论指导。
Abstract
High pressure water jet technology is widely used in field of resource exploitation as an efficient method to exploit oil and gas resources. Here, considering different destruction characteristics of unconventional oil and gas reservoir rock under impact of high-pressure water jet, taking representative coal, sandstone and shale as study objects, water jet rock breaking tests were conducted, and coal rock failure mode, morphology of micro-destruction and pore structure change were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope, CT and nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The results showed that under the same test parameters, failure characteristics of 3 kinds of rock body under high-pressure water jet impact are obviously different, coal body after erosion is dominated by longitudinal splitting due to water wedge leading action, sandstone is dominated by "spindle" fracture pits due to jet erosion leading action, and shale is dominated by shallow transverse annular cracks and bottom longitudinal splitting caused by stress wave and water wedge; damage degree of different depth sections of coal body fluctuates within 10%, only weak damage exists at fracture pits of sandstone, and serious damage exists in shallow part of shale, the maximum is up to 70%; macropores in coal body after erosion are 8 times of those before erosion, a large number of micro-pores in sandstone are changed into mesopores after erosion, and macropores in shale significantly increase, their number after erosion is about 300 times of that before erosion; for micro- fracture mechanism after erosion, there are traces of crystal fracture on coal body surface, rock bits on erosion surface of sandstone are greatly reduced and a large number of pores are left, traces of uniform crystal tensile fracture can be seen on erosion surface of shale; the study results can provide a theoretical guidance for using water jet to improve crushing efficiency of unconventional natural gas reservoir rock.
关键词
高压水射流 /
非常规油气储层 /
损伤破坏 /
微观断裂 /
孔隙
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Key words
high-pressure water jet /
unconventional oil and gas reservoir /
damage failure /
micro-fracture /
pore
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