胶接绝缘接头是重载列车准确定位和区间信号传递的重要基础设施，但由于接头是线路的薄弱部分，易产生伤损病害导致轨道结构动态作用增大，为研究病害接头和新装接头对轨道结构的振动影响特征，在重载线路上进行了接头病害的静态测试调研和现场行车试验，分析了重载列车作用下病害接头和新接头对轨道结构振动传递、分布及频谱特征影响规律。结果表明，病害接头在长期动载作用下行车方向下侧钢轨出现了明显的低塌和钢轨硬弯病害。列车动载引起的轨道结构振动峰值分布具有随机性，整体上病害接头处钢轨振动峰值分布服从ln N分布，而新接头的服从N分布，两种接头处轨枕服从双峰分布。病害接头处轨道振动明显较新接头大。从反映冲击特性的峭度值来看，病害接头钢轨峭度值远大于3，存在较强冲击振动，而新接头处小于3，无冲击振动。车轮驶过接头轨缝，在迎轮侧钢轨病害接头会产生两次较大振动峰值，而新接头只有一次振动峰值。车轮动载会激发病害接头轨道结构高频振动，尤其在钢轨和道床中存在1 500 Hz以上的高频振动。随着车速的增大，接头处轨道结构振动相应增大，但各部位的增大趋势并不完全相同。
Abstract
Insulated rail joints is an important infrastructure for accurate positioning of heavy-duty trains and signal transmission among sections. However, as this joint is a weak part of line, it is easy to cause damage and damage diseases resulting in increase in dynamic response of track structure. Here, to study vibration influence features of defective joint and new installed joint on track structure, static tests and running field tests for joint diseases were conducted on heavy-duty line to analyze effects of defective joints and new joints on vibration transmission, vibration distribution and spectral characteristics of track structure. The results showed that defective joints cause the downside of track in operation direction to have obvious low collapse and hard bending diseases under long-term dynamic load; the peak distribution of track structure vibration caused by train dynamic load is random, the track vibration peak distribution at defective joint on the whole obeys ln N distribution, while that at new joint obeys N distribution, and those of sleepers at the two joints obey double-peak distribution; track vibration at defective joint is larger than that at new joint; from the viewpoint of kurtosis value reflecting impact characteristics, the track kurtosis value at defective joint is far larger than 3, there is strong impact vibration, while that at new joint is less than 3, there is no impact vibration; when train wheel passes through rail gap at joint, two larger vibration peaks occur at defective joint on front wheel side rail, while only one vibration peak appears at new joint; wheel dynamic load can induce high-frequency vibration of track structure at defective joint, especially, there is vibration with frequency of more than 1 500 Hz in rail and track bed; with increase in train speed, track structure vibration at joints increases correspondingly, but increasing trends of different positions are not exactly the same.
关键词
胶接绝缘接头 /
现场试验 /
振动冲击 /
低塌病害 /
重载列车
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Key words
insulated rail joints /
field test /
vibration and impact /
low collapse disease /
heavy-haul train
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