航行体在入水过程中会受到强烈的冲击载荷，研究高速入水的降载技术，保证航行体安全可靠的入水具有十分重要的意义。数值模拟基于有限元方法，采用耦合欧拉拉格朗日求解器研究缓冲装置的降载特性，通过对比数值结果与圆柱入水实验，验证数值方法的有效性。对不同相对密度的泡沫铝的缓冲效果进行了对比，得到了一定入水速度下降载效果随泡沫铝相对密度不同而变化的规律。讨论了最优泡沫铝材料的参数随入水速度不同而变化的趋势，阐述了不同入水速度下泡沫铝材料参数的优化设计要点。表明缓冲材料的性能直接影响到航行体缓冲装置的降载效果。这些结论将有助于防撞结构以及受入水冲击结构的设计。

During the process of water entry, the vehicle will be subjected to strong impact load.It is of great significance to study the load reduction technology of high-speed water entry to ensure safe and reliable water entry of a vehicle.Numerical simulation is based on the finite element method, and the coupled Euler-Lagrange solver was used to study the load reduction characteristics of the buffer device.The effectiveness of the numerical method was verified by comparing the numerical results with the water entry experiments of a cylinder.The buffering effects of foam aluminum with different relative densities were compared, and the rule that the load effect changes with the relative density of foamed aluminum at a certain water entry speed is obtained.The changing trend of the parameters of the optimal aluminum foam material with different water entry speeds was discussed, and the key points of the optimal design of the parameters of the foamed aluminum material with different water entry speeds were described.The results show that the performance of the buffer material directly affects the load reduction effect of the vehicle buffer device.These conclusions are helpful to the design of anti-collision structures and structures impacted by water entry.