薄壁筒车削颤振表面纹理形成机理研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (23) : 58-65.

论文

薄壁筒车削颤振表面纹理形成机理研究

娄培生，吕凯波，吕鹏宇

作者信息 +

Formation mechanism of chatter surface texture in thin-walled tube turning

LOU Peisheng, L Kaibo, L Pengyu

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文章历史 +

摘要

切削颤振引起的加工表面纹理蕴含着丰富的加工状态信息。针对薄壁筒工件的车削颤振问题，采用理论分析、数值仿真和试验测试相结合的方法，研究切削参数、工件动态特性等因素对表面纹理形成的作用机理。首先利用有限元法获得一次完整走刀过程中薄壁筒模态随切削位置的变化规律，得出工件壳体模态的固有频率有明显的下降趋势。进而结合切削加工表面形貌模型，理论推导并解释了特殊振纹图案的形成与工件尺寸、单位时间内固有角频率的减少量和转过圈数的二次方有关。最后通过实时采集并提取车削过程中的颤振频率、工件尺寸以及切削参数，再现了薄壁筒表面特殊振纹，验证了理论分析的正确性。研究结果对于薄壁筒加工表面形貌的预测与控制具有指导意义。

Abstract

The processed surface texture caused by cutting chatter contains an abundance of processing state information. Aiming at chatter issues in the turning of thin-walled cylindrical workpieces, this study adopts a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental testing to study the formation mechanism of surface pattern under turning chatter. The influence of workpiece dynamics and machining parameters on surface patterns is investigated. First, the finite element method is used to obtain the changing law of the thin-walled shell mode with the cutting position change during a complete pass, and it is concluded that the natural frequency of the workpiece shell mode has a significant decreasing trend. Furthermore, combined with the cutting surface topography model, the formation mechanism of the special vibration pattern is derived and explained theoretically, which is related to the size of the workpiece, the reduction of the natural angular frequency per unit time, and the square of the number of turns. Finally, cutting experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical results. The special vibration pattern on the surface of the thin-walled tube was reproduced using the chatter frequency and workpiece dimensions, and cutting parameters in the turning process. The research is of significance for prediction and control of the surface morphology of thin-walled cylinders in turning operations.

关键词

薄壁筒 / 车削 / 颤振 / 表面纹理

Key words

thin-walled tube

/ turning / chatter / surface pattern

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导出引用

娄培生，吕凯波，吕鹏宇. 薄壁筒车削颤振表面纹理形成机理研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2021, 40(23): 58-65

LOU Peisheng, L Kaibo, L Pengyu. Formation mechanism of chatter surface texture in thin-walled tube turning[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2021, 40(23): 58-65

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