近年来基于单孔爆破振动数据进行微差振动合成计算是研究的热点。为解决第二临空面形成后波形计算问题，以莲塘小净距隧道为工程背景，设计现场爆破试验获取双临空面下单孔波形；利用小波包变换分析实测波形的优势频带，将单孔波形分解为各优势频带的多个子波；通过拟合得到炮孔药量、爆心距与各频带子波最大振速峰值的函数；利用该函数获取全部炮孔在不同频带的子波，叠加所有频带子波构造出各孔单孔波形；由此计算炮孔位置、药量变化下不同微差爆破合成振动波形，得到最优孔间延时。结果表明：计算所得合成波形与实测波形在频率组成和波形趋势上相吻合，各振速峰值误差小于0.3 cm/s；周边孔延时为6 ~7 ms时减振效果最佳,现场应用效果良好。
Abstract
In recent years, the composite calculation of millisecond vibration based on single-hole blasting vibration data has been a research focus. To solve the problem of waveform calculation after the formation of the second facing surface, an on-site blasting test was designed to obtain a limited number of single-hole waveforms under double face, with Liantang small clear distance tunnel as background. The dominant frequency bands of the measured waveforms were analyzed by wavelet packet transform and single-hole waveforms were decomposed into multiple wavelets of dominant frequency bands. The functions were obtained by fitting between the charge of blast hole, the distance from burst centers and the maximum vibration velocity in each dominant frequency band. Wavelets of all holes were gotten in different frequency bands with the functions and each hole’s single hole waveform was constructed by superimposing the wavelets of all frequency bands. With the change of charge quantity and blasting center distance, calculated to get vibration waveforms at different delay intervals, then obtained the optimal delay interval. Results: The calculated synthetic waveforms fit well with measured waveforms in terms of frequency composition and waveform trend, the peak error of each vibration velocity is less than 0.3 cm/s; the delay interval of peripheral hole millisecond blasting for the best vibration reduction effect is 6~7 ms, and the field application has a good effect.
关键词
双临空面 /
优势频带 /
波形构造 /
线性叠加 /
最优延期时差
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Key words
double-free-face /
dominant frequency band /
waveform structure /
linear superposition /
optimal delay interval
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