针对齿根裂纹齿轮副的故障检测，常利用采集齿轮箱振动信号进行分析评估齿轮副的健康状态，但在对故障齿轮副进行振动故障检测过程中，因为齿轮副的转速误差以及负载转矩波动及其他非稳定工况，使得齿轮副运行并不处于理想状态，此对齿轮副振动信号影响较大，使之难以分辨齿轮副振动的特征频率。为此本文根据势能法建立齿轮副齿根裂纹模型，推导齿轮副发生局部故障后其时变啮合刚度计算解析式，对变工况下齿轮副振动非平稳信号进行短时傅里叶变换，分析在变工况情形下齿轮副的振动特性。研究结果表明：在稳定工况下，齿轮副的振动幅值随转速和负载转矩增加而增加，其边频带分布也随之呈现出一定规律。在非稳定工况下，利用短时傅里叶变换后，发现齿轮箱振动时域和振动频域都出现明显的振动冲击，频域中相邻冲击峰的间隔反映齿轮副的转速误差，其主要频率的分布和幅值也可反映齿轮副运行过程中的转速和转矩负载的波动。同时，在非稳定工况下所得到的结论与齿轮副在稳定工况下运行所得到的结论相一致，皆为齿轮副的振动幅值随转速和负载转矩增大而增大。
Abstract
For the fault detection of gear pairs with tooth root cracks, the gearbox vibration signals are often collected to analyze and evaluate the health or damage state of the gear pairs. But during the vibration fault detection process of the faulty gear pair, the gear pair operation is not in an ideal state due to the speed error of the gear pair, the fluctuation of the load torque and other unstable conditions. This has a greater impact on the vibration signal of the gear pair, making it difficult to distinguish the characteristic frequency of the gear pair vibration. For this reason, the root crack model of gear pair was established based on the potential energy method, and the time-varying meshing stiffness calculation formula was deduced after local faults occurred in this paper. The non-stationary signal of gear pair vibration under variable working conditions is processed by Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), and the vibration characteristics of gear pair under variable working conditions are analyzed. The research results show that under stable conditions, the vibration amplitude of the gear pair increases with the increase of speed and load torque, and its sideband distribution also shows a certain law. Under unstable conditions, after using short-time Fourier transform, it is found that the gearbox vibration time domain and vibration frequency domain have obvious vibration shocks, and the interval between adjacent shock peaks in the frequency domain reflects the speed error of the gear pair. The distribution and amplitude of the main frequency can also reflect the fluctuation of the speed and torque load during the operation of the gear pair. At the same time, the conclusions obtained under unsteady working conditions are consistent with the conclusions obtained under stable working conditions of the gear pair, and both of which are that the vibration amplitude of the gear pair increases with the increase of the speed and load torque.
关键词
直齿轮副 /
裂纹故障 /
变工况 /
短时傅里叶变换 /
振动分析
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Key words
Spur gear pair /
Crack fault /
Variable condition /
Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) /
Vibration analysis
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