为了理解动态变形和塑性流动过程中，加载历史和应变率变化对材料性能的影响，基于直接拉伸式Hopkinson杆原理，使用不同几何形状的反射杆代替凸缘法兰，在加载杆中连续产生多个不同幅值的加载冲击波，使材料在动态变形的过程中应变率阶跃变化。结果表明：（1）该方法可以将加载波的脉宽延长3倍以上，有利于进行低应变率、大变形的材料试验；（2）加载应力波的幅值阶梯变化，使试样在加载过程中应变率发生跳跃变化；（3）通过控制反射杆的长度可以有效控制加载脉冲的间隔，将材料的应变率效应和温度效应解耦，用于揭示不同脉冲幅值作用下试样变形损伤机制。试验证明，基于SHTB原理的拉伸波谱的加载方法可以快速、精准、稳定地实现对试样的连续多次动态加载。
Abstract
In the process of dynamic deformation and plastic flow, loading history and changes in strain rate have influence on mechanical properties of materials. Based on traditional split Hopkinson tension bar, increase the length of flange as a reflection bar whose geometry is variable. Several loading waves with different amplitudes are generated continuously in the loading bar. The strain rate of the material in the process of dynamic deformation has a step change. Firstly, the results show that reflection bar can prolong the pulse width of the loading wave by more than three times, which is beneficial to the realization of low strain rate and large deformation material experiment. Secondly, strain rate of the specimen has a step change in the process of deformation due to the change of stress wave pulse. Thirdly, the interval of loading pulses can be effectively controlled, and the strain rate effect and temperature effect can be decoupled. It is convenient to reveal the deformation and damage mechanism of specimen under different pulse amplitudes. To conclude, the method presented in this paper can quickly, accurately and stably realize continuous dynamic loading of specimen.
关键词
分离式Hopkinson拉杆 /
冲击加载谱 /
应变率阶跃 /
材料动态性能
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Key words
split Hopkinson tension bar /
impact loading spectrum /
strain rate step change /
material dynamic performance
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