为了研究桥梁结构在车辆和冰荷载共同作用下的振动反应，提出了冰-车-桥系统耦合动力分析框架。在该框架中，每辆车都被视为一个多自由度的运动系统，桥梁结构采用有限元方法进行建模，利用罚函数定义了车轮与桥面之间的接触关系，实现了各子系统之间的接触与交互作用。基于自激冰力模型得到了依赖于冰与结构相对速度的桥梁结构自激冰力，构建了冰-车-桥系统的耦合动力方程，进而开展了冰-车-桥系统耦合振动分析及行车安全评估。研究结果表明：桥梁竖向振动反应随车速的增加而增大，桥梁横向振动反应则受到了冰荷载的控制；车辆的竖向反应主要依赖于车-桥之间的相互作用力，车辆的横向反应则受冰与桥梁之间相互作用力的主导，车辆与桥梁的交互作用受到了车速和冰速的双重影响；快冰速会增大车辆的横向接触力，降低车辆的最小侧滑抗力，不利于行车安全；冰荷载作用下桥上车辆的前轴车轮比后轴车轮更容易发生侧滑；所提出的冰-车-桥系统耦合动力分析框架可为冰荷载作用下跨海桥梁的行车安全评估提供参考。
关键词：桥梁结构；自激冰力；冰-车-桥系统；耦合振动；行车安全
Abstract
To do research on the bridge vibration responses under vehicles and ice forces, a dynamic analysis framework for the ice-vehicle-bridge interaction system is proposed. In this framework, each car is regarded as an individual multi-degree-of-freedom motion system. The finite element modeling method is used for the bridge structure, and the penalty function method is used to define the contact relationship between the wheel and the bridge deck, to realize the contact and interaction between the various subsystems. Based on the self-excited ice force model, the self-excited ice force of the bridge structure which depends on the relative speed of the ice and the structure is obtained. The dynamic equation of the ice-vehicle-bridge coupling system is constructed, to realize the ice-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration and driving safety analysis. The research results illustrate that the vertical vibrations of the bridge increases with the increase of vehicle speeds, while the lateral vibrations of the bridge is controlled by ice forces. The vertical responses of the vehicle mainly depends on the interaction between vehicle and bridge, while the lateral responses of the vehicle mainly depends on the interaction between ice and bridge. The interaction between vehicle and bridge is affected by both vehicle speed and ice speed. Fast ice speed will increase the lateral contact force of vehicle and reduce the minimum side-slip resistance of vehicle. The front axle wheels of the vehicle on the bridge are more prone to side-slip than the rear axle wheels under ice forces. The proposed analysis framework of the ice-vehicle-bridge interaction system can a reference for the safety assessment of offshore bridge structures under ice forces.
Keywords: bridge structure; self-excited ice forces; ice-vehicle-bridge system; coupled vibration; driving safety
关键词
桥梁结构 /
自激冰力 /
冰-车-桥系统 /
耦合振动 /
行车安全
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Key words
bridge structure /
self-excited ice forces /
ice-vehicle-bridge system /
coupled vibration /
driving safety
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