网架结构单点冲击激励的数学模型与数值分析

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振动与冲击 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15) : 77-82.

论文

邹韬,蔡晓丽,伍晓顺

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Mathematical model and numerical analysis of single point impact excitation of space truss structure

ZOU Tao, CAI Xiaoli, WU Xiaoshun

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摘要

为了解决网架结构的主动激振难题，提出一种基于重物坠落的冲击激励新方法。将由重物、绳索和结构构成的复杂振动系统简化后，建立模拟单点冲击激励的单自由度等效振动方程，最终得到单点冲击力时程的数学表达式。将冲击力时程施加于结构便可以模拟单点冲击激励作用下结构的自由振动。以某1200杆平板网架为例进行数值分析，考察重物质量、坠落高度、绳索弹性模量、绳索截面积和等效振动系统阻尼比等因素对最大加速度幅值的影响，并与阶跃激励（由突卸重物产生，坠落高度为零）进行比较。结果表明：最大加速度幅值对重物质量、坠落高度和绳索截面积较为敏感；当产生相同的最大加速度幅值时，冲击激励需要的重物质量远小于阶跃激励。本文工作有利于提高网架结构的激振效率，并为网架结构单点冲击激励的定量分析提供有益参考。
关键词：网架结构；冲击激励；模态测试；阶跃激励；结构健康监测

Abstract

To solve the problem of actively stimulating the vibration of space trusses, a new impact excitation method by dropping heavy things from a specific height is proposed. By simplifying the complicated vibration system composed of the heavy thing, the cable and the structure, the equivalent vibration system with only one degree of freedom which simulates single-point impact excitation is set up. The expression for calculating the time history of single-point impact excitation caused by dropping a heavy thing is then obtained. If the time history is applied to the structure, the structural free vibration considering single-point impact excitation can be simulated. A space truss with 1200 members is taken as the numerical example. The influences of factors, such as the mass of the heavy thing, the dropping height, the elastic modulus and sectional area of the cable, and the damping ratio of the equivalent vibration system, on the largest acceleration amplitude are investigated. The proposed impact-excitation method is also compare with the step excitation method which is realized by suddenly releasing heavy things of a zero dropping height. Results show that the largest acceleration amplitude is sensitive to the mass of the heavy thing, the dropping height and the cable’s sectional area. Besides, to obtain the same largest acceleration amplitude, the masses required by the proposed impact excitation method are far less than those needed by the step excitation method. The work is beneficial to improve the vibration stimulation efficiency, and provides helpful references for the quantification analysis of single-point impact excitation of space trusses.
Key words: Space trusses; impact excitation; modal testing; step excitation; structural health monitoring

导出引用

邹韬,蔡晓丽,伍晓顺. 网架结构单点冲击激励的数学模型与数值分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(15): 77-82

ZOU Tao, CAI Xiaoli, WU Xiaoshun. Mathematical model and numerical analysis of single point impact excitation of space truss structure[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(15): 77-82

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