在航空发动机管路设计阶段，优化卡箍的支撑位置可使管路有效避开转子激振频率进而实现降低管路振动的目标。本文以L型管路为对象，研究了创建管路有限元模型及实现以避振为目标的卡箍支撑位置优化的方法。首先，提出了“以直代曲”的L型管路有限元建模方法，在此基础上用弹簧对模拟卡箍的支撑，创建了管路系统的动力学有限元模型。接着，以卡箍位置为设计变量，以激振频率与管路1阶固有频率的差值为目标函数，创建了以避振为目标的卡箍支撑位置优化模型。再则，描述了基于遗传算法求解该优化模型的具体流程。最后，以安装3个卡箍的L型管路为对象进行了实例研究，用实验校验了所提出的有限元建模方法的合理性，进一步通过执行优化确定了可以实现避振的最优的卡箍位置。同时，进行了卡箍的“安全域”分析，确定了各卡箍满足避振条件下的可移动范围。
关键词：L型管路；有限元建模；动力学；遗传算法；卡箍位置优化
Abstract
In the stage of aero-engine pipeline design, optimizing the supporting position of the hoop can effectively avoid the excitation frequency of the rotor, so as to achieve the goal of reducing pipeline vibration. In this paper, taking the L-type pipeline as the object, the method of establishing the finite element model of the L-type pipeline and realizing the optimization of the hoop supporting position with the goal of avoiding vibration are studied. Firstly, the finite element modeling method of "simulating curved beam with straight beam" for L-type pipeline is proposed. On this basis, the dynamic finite element model of the pipeline system is established by using the springs to simulate the supporting effect of hoop. Then, taking the position of the hoop as the design variable and the difference between the excitation frequency and the first natural frequency of the pipeline as the objective function, an optimization model of the hoop supporting position is established to avoid vibration. Furthermore, the specific process of solving the optimization model based on genetic algorithm is described. Finally, an L-type pipeline with three hoops is taken as an example to verify the rationality of the proposed finite element modeling method. Furthermore, by performing optimization calculation, the optimal hoop position is determined to avoid vibration. At the same time, the "safe region" of hoop is analyzed, and the movable range of each hoop under the condition of vibration avoidance is determined.
Key words: L-type pipeline; finite element modeling; dynamics; genetic algorithm; optimization of hoop position.
关键词
L型管路 /
有限元建模 /
动力学 /
遗传算法 /
卡箍位置优化
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Key words
L-type pipeline /
finite element modeling /
dynamics /
genetic algorithm /
optimization of hoop position.
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