电动两轮车事故中不同头盔对地面碰撞防护性能研究

韩勇1,2,3,何勇1,3,林丽雅1,3,李永强1,3,陈意升4,冯浩2

振动与冲击 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18) : 55-65.

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振动与冲击 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18) : 55-65.
论文

电动两轮车事故中不同头盔对地面碰撞防护性能研究

  • 韩勇1,2,3,何勇1,3,林丽雅1,3,李永强1,3,陈意升4,冯浩2
作者信息 +

Ground impact protective performances of different helmets in electric two-wheeler accidents

  • HAN Yong1,2,3,HE Yong1,3,LIN Liya1,3,LI Yongqiang1,3,CHEN Yisheng4,FENG Hao2
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摘要

在电动两轮车碰撞事故中,地面碰撞是导致骑车人头部产生致命伤的重要因素之一。头盔作为重要的头部损伤防护部件,其对骑车人头部-地面碰撞的防护性能是设计的重要评价指标之一。首先根据真实头盔几何尺寸建立三款头盔有限元模型(全盔a、b,半盔),结合物理跌落试验进行模型验证。通过三起电动两轮车事故的深度重建,分析三款头盔在落地冲击中对头部颅骨骨折损伤指标(HIC)及重度脑损伤指标(PAA,HIP,MPS,CSDM0.25等)的影响。结果表明:案例1中,全盔a和全盔b将颅骨骨折风险由100%均降低到了10%以内;半盔在与地面碰撞中,帽檐受到的冲击力使径向接地的泡沫发生偏移,泡沫过早触底导致其对颅骨骨折风险仅降低至98%。案例2和案例3中,三款头盔均将颅骨骨折风险降低90%以上。3起案例中,无论全盔a、b还是半盔,对PAA和MPS的保护作用并不明显。尽管CSDM0.25预测的重度脑损伤风险下,全盔a、b防护效果优于半盔,仍需进一步优化头盔对旋转载荷的防护性能。该结果对电动两轮车骑车人头部保护和头盔防护性能研究具有重要的指导意义。
关键词:电动两轮车事故;人-地面碰撞;头盔防护性能;深度事故重建;有限元分析

Abstract

Ground impact is one of the most important factors leading to fatal head injuries to riders in electric two-wheeler collisions. As an important head injury protection component, the helmet's protection against rider's head-ground impact is one of the key evaluation criteria for helmet design. Three finite element models of helmets (full helmet a and b, half helmet) were built based on real helmet geometry and combined with physical drop tests for model validation. The protection performance of three helmets against head skull fracture injury index (HIC) and severe brain injury index (PAA, HIP, MPS, CSDM0.25, etc.) in landing impact was analyzed through the reconstruction of three electric two-wheeler accidents. The results show that in case 1, both the full helmet a and full helmet b reduced the risk of skull fracture from 100% to less than 10%; in the case of the half helmet, the impact on the brim deflected the radially grounded foam in the impact with the ground, and the foam bottomed out prematurely causing it to reduce the risk of skull fracture to only 98%. In case 2 and case 3, three helmets reduced the risk of skull fracture by more than 90%. In three cases, the protection against PAA and MPS was not significant for either a full helmet a, b or a half helmet. Although the full helmet a and b protect better than the half helmet at the CSDM0.25 predicted risk of severe brain injury, further optimization of the helmet's protection against rotational loads is needed. The results show an important guideline for the head protection and helmet performance analysis for electric two-wheeled vehicle riders.
Key words: Electric two-wheeler accidents; Rider-to-ground collision; Helmet protective performance; In-depth accident reconstruction; Finite element analysis

关键词

电动两轮车事故 / 人-地面碰撞 / 头盔防护性能 / 深度事故重建 / 有限元分析

Key words

Electric two-wheeler accidents / Rider-to-ground collision / Helmet protective performance / In-depth accident reconstruction / Finite element analysis

引用本文

导出引用
韩勇1,2,3,何勇1,3,林丽雅1,3,李永强1,3,陈意升4,冯浩2. 电动两轮车事故中不同头盔对地面碰撞防护性能研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(18): 55-65
HAN Yong1,2,3,HE Yong1,3,LIN Liya1,3,LI Yongqiang1,3,CHEN Yisheng4,FENG Hao2. Ground impact protective performances of different helmets in electric two-wheeler accidents[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(18): 55-65

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