为研究生土砌块墙体的地震失效机理，对基于典型尺寸的实体墙、带门洞墙，以及带窗洞墙等3类墙体1:2.5缩尺模型试件进行了低周往复水平加载试验，获取了墙体从开裂到倒塌的失效全过程损伤演变规律以及滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性系数等抗震性能指标，建立了抗剪承载力计算公式，并在相关文献统计数据的基础上探讨了生土砌块墙体的抗震性能评估指标量化取值。研究表明：典型尺寸的生土砌块墙体在地震作用下发生剪切破坏，最终以墙体“X”型主裂缝交汇处砌体被压碎，两侧三角型区域砌体脱落标志着墙体倒塌失效；生土砌块墙体承载能力、变形能力、耗能能力及延性系数均随开洞率增大而降低；采用基于剪摩理论的生土砌块墙体抗剪承载力计算公式可获得与试验误差较小的结果；依据我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》中抗震性能设计目标划分，给出了无约束生土砌块墙体基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏、墙体倒塌5个性能水准的层间位移角上限建议值 ，分别为1/2000、1/350、1/180、1/100。
关键词：生土砌块墙体；低周往复水平加载试验；失效机理；抗剪承载力；抗震性能评估
Abstract
In order to study the seismic failure mechanism of raw soil block wall, low cycle reciprocating horizontal loading tests were carried out on three types of 1:2.5 scale model specimens of solid wall, wall with door and wall with window based on typical size. The damage evolution law of the whole failure process of wall from cracking to collapse and seismic performance indexes were obtained, such as hysteretic curve, skeleton curve and ductility coefficient. The calculation formula of shear capacity is established, and the quantitative value of seismic performance evaluation index of raw soil block wall is discussed on the basis of relevant literature statistical data. The results shows that the typical size raw soil block wall occurs shear failure under the action of earthquake. When the wall collapses, the masonry at the intersection of the "X" main cracks of the wall is crushed and the masonry in the triangular area on both sides falls off. The bearing capacity, deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and ductility coefficient of raw soil block wall decrease with the increase of opening rate. The calculation formula of shear bearing capacity of raw soil block wall based on shear friction theory can obtain results with less error from the test. And unrestrained basic raw soil block is given in basically intact, slightly damage, moderate damage, serious damage, wall collapsed five performance level of interlayer displacement Angle limit suggestion value, which are 1 / 2000, 1 / 350, 1 / 180 and 1 / 100 respectively.
Key words: raw soil block wall; low cycle reciprocating horizontal loading test; failure mechanism; shear capacity; seismic performance evaluation
关键词
生土砌块墙体 /
低周往复水平加载试验 /
失效机理 /
抗剪承载力 /
抗震性能评估
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Key words
raw soil block wall /
low cycle reciprocating horizontal loading test /
failure mechanism /
shear capacity /
seismic performance evaluation
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