现场测试某地铁线路普通道床地段钢轨波磨和钢轨振动加速度，建立了地铁车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型，分析了不同特征钢轨波磨对轮轨系统动力特性的影响，提出了指导钢轨打磨控制波磨的波深安全阈值。结果表明：钢轨波磨主要发生在小半径曲线地段圆曲线内轨，主波长200~250mm，最大波深约0.8mm，直线地段出现短波波磨，主波长40mm，最大波深约0.1mm；波磨主要波长与轨道结构振动主频对应；钢轨波磨激励导致轨道结构振动较大，轮轨系统动力响应剧烈，尤其是70mm以下的短波波磨；轮轨垂向力呈周期性波动，波动周期与波磨波长相同，周期内1/4波长处轮轨冲击振动达到峰值；钢轨波磨对轮轨系统动力响应的影响随着波长减小、波深增大而加剧；现有规程中指导钢轨打磨的波磨安全限值适用于长波波磨，对于波长30、40、50、60mm的短波波磨，运营速度80km/h情况下，建议波深安全阈值为0.08、0.11、0.12、0.21mm，波深超出安全阈值后应及时打磨。
Abstract
The rail corrugation and the rail vibration accelerations in the common track bed section on a metro line were measured. The vehicle-track coupling dynamic model for metro was established to analyze the influences of rail corrugation with different characteristics on the wheel-rail system dynamic characteristics and to propose the wave depth safety threshold for rail grinding to control corrugation were determined. The results showed that rail corrugation mainly occurs on the inner rail in the small radius curve section with the main wavelength of 200~250mm and the maximum wave depth about 0.8mm. The short-pitch corrugation appears in the straight section with the main wavelength of 40mm and the maximum depth of 0.1mm. The main wavelength of rail corrugation corresponds to the main frequency of the vibration of rail structure. The rail corrugation, especially the short-pitch corrugation with wavelength below 70mm, causes strong vibration of rail structure and deteriorates the wheel-rail interaction. The wheel-rail vertical force fluctuates periodically with the wavelength of corrugation, which in one period the impact vibration of wheel-rail system reaches the peak value at 1/4 wavelength. The influence of rail corrugation on the wheel-rail dynamic response decreases with wavelength and increases with wave depth. The corrugation safety limits for rail grinding in the existing regulations are applicable to long-wavelength corrugation, but for the short-pitch corrugation with wavelength below 70mm, the corresponding wave depth safety threshold values of 30, 40, 50 and 60mm are recommended to be 0.08, 0.11, 0.12 and 0.21mm respectively at the speed of 80 km/h. It is needed to grind the rail in time when the wave depth of corrugation exceeds the safety threshold.
关键词
地铁 /
钢轨波磨 /
现场测试 /
车辆-轨道耦合动力学 /
安全阈值
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Key words
metro /
rail corrugation /
field measurement /
vehicle-track coupled dynamics /
safety threshold
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