基于四立柱的台架试验是整车开发过程中可靠性评价的重要方式，当前以试验场整车载荷采集-路谱迭代的试验方式需要对每一个车型均进行实车载荷测量，存在试验周期长且产品可靠性不足时改进成本高等问题。本文以同一试验场可靠性规范下不同车型载荷相似性基础，开展整车四立柱台架试验载荷谱的标准化研究。分析四种车型整车四立柱台架试验载荷特征，确定各路况下不同车型同一车轮在时域、频域及损伤域的相似性，左右轮载荷时域相关及频域相干、前后轮载荷间时延特征；以同一车轮的功率谱密度分布拟合，选取覆盖一定百分位水平的功率谱作为目标重构单侧车轮时域载荷信号；综合相关和相干特征构造对侧车轮时域载荷历程；基于前后车轮时延特征，构造后轮载荷历程，最终形成整车四立柱台架试验标准化载荷谱。通过对比标准化载荷谱和实测道路谱的时域、频域、雨流、损伤，分析标准化载荷谱的合理性，以某SUV实际台架试验进行实际验证。结果表明，本文构造的标准化载荷谱有效复现试验场载荷下的失效情况，可为整车可靠性的快速验证提供有效手段。
Abstract
The bench test based on four columns is an important way of reliability evaluation in the process of vehicle development. At present, the test mode of vehicle load collection road spectrum iteration in test field needs to measure the real vehicle load of each vehicle, which has the problems of long test cycle and low product reliability and high improvement cost. In this paper, based on the load similarity of different vehicle types under the same test site reliability specification, the standardization research of vehicle four column bench test load spectrum is carried out. The load characteristics of four types of vehicle four column bench test are analyzed to determine the similarity of the same wheel in time domain, frequency domain and damage domain under different road conditions, the time domain correlation and frequency domain coherence of left and right wheel loads, and the time delay characteristics between front and rear wheel loads. The power spectrum density distribution of the same wheel is fitted, and the power spectrum covering a certain percentile level is selected as the target to reconstruct one side wheel Time domain load signal; time domain load history of opposite wheel is constructed by integrating correlation and coherence features; load history of rear wheel is constructed based on time delay characteristics of front and rear wheels, and finally standardized load spectrum of vehicle four column bench test is formed. By comparing the time domain, frequency domain, rain flow and damage between the standardized load spectrum and the measured road spectrum, the rationality of the standardized load spectrum is analyzed and verified by a practical SUV bench test. The results show that the standardized load spectrum constructed in this paper can effectively reproduce the failure situation under the test field load, and can provide an effective means for rapid verification of vehicle reliability.
关键词
标准化载荷 /
四立柱 /
载荷特征 /
相干函数 /
相关系数
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Key words
Standardized load spectrum /
four columns /
load characteristics /
coherence function /
correlation coefficient
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