旋转单元型打孔超结构设计及减振性能研究

PDF(2040 KB)

振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 131-139.

论文

旋转单元型打孔超结构设计及减振性能研究

闫仕光1,2，李盈利1,3，殷国辉1，姚松1

作者信息 +

Design and vibration reduction characteristic of rotating unit-type perforated meta-structures

YAN Shiguang1,2，LI Yingli1,3，YIN Guohui1，YAO Song1

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对高速列车地板减振需求，设计了一类具有旋转单元特征的打孔弹性超结构，包括交错矩形孔四边形单元、十字矩形孔四边形单元、多边形孔三角形单元。利用Bloch理论和数值数值分析分析方法研究了元胞的带隙形成机理和参数对带隙的调控规律，探究打孔弹性超结构的低频和宽带减振应用可行性。接着，根据超结构元胞带隙分析结果建立了交错矩形孔四边形单元、十字矩形孔四边形单元、转角45度内凹多边形孔三角形单元超结构三种三维块状有限周期超结构，分析评估并改进减振块的承载性能，计算其振动传输响应。结合减振特性数值分析结果，确定最优减振块几何拓扑构型，并通过3D打印制备超结构样件，进行振动试验测试。结果表明：使用TPU材料时，提出的超结构减振块均满足承载和强度要求。其中，多边形孔三角形单元超结构为最优构型，其在0-5000Hz频率内衰减范围占比达66.9%。通过振动试验发现，相比于现有动车组减振器，多边形孔三角形单元超结构的衰减范围频率更宽，衰减幅值更大在-15dB以上，减振效果更优，具有列车地板潜在的应用前景。

Abstract

A class of perforated meta-structures with rotating units is proposed for the engineering demand of high-speed train floor vibration reduction, including quadrilateral element with staggered rectangular hole, quadrilateral element with cross rectangular hole and triangular element with polygonal hole. The mechanism of bandgap and the regulation law of parameters are analyzed by using Bloch theory and numerical simulation. Then according to the results of meta-structures band gap analysis, the 3D block meta-structure is established, including quadrilateral element with staggered rectangular hole, quadrilateral element with cross rectangular hole and triangle element with 45 degree concave polygonal hole. The bearing performance of block meta-structure is analyzed, and the vibration responses under different configurations are calculated to determine the optimal configuration based on the numerical analysis results of the damping characteristics. Then, 3D-printed samples are prepared and vibration tests are carried out to verify the vibration reduction effect of the structure. The results show that when using TPU material, the proposed superstructure damping blocks all meet the requirements of bearing capacity and strength. Among them, the meta-structure with polygonal hole and triangular element is the optimal configuration, and its attenuation range accounts for 66.9% in the frequency range of 0-5000Hz. Through the vibration test, it is found that, compared with the existing EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) absorber, the meta-structure with polygonal hole and triangular element has a wider attenuation range frequency, a greater attenuation amplitude of more than -15dB, and a better vibration reduction effect, which indicates its potential application prospect of train floor.

导出引用

闫仕光1, 2, 李盈利1, 3, 殷国辉1, 姚松1. 旋转单元型打孔超结构设计及减振性能研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(12): 131-139

YAN Shiguang1, 2, LI Yingli1, 3, YIN Guohui1, YAO Song1. Design and vibration reduction characteristic of rotating unit-type perforated meta-structures[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(12): 131-139

参考文献

[1] WALSER R M, Lakhtakia A, Weiglhofer W S, et al. Electromagnetic metamaterials[J]. The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4467: 931-934. [2] 尹剑飞, 蔡力, 方鑫, 等. 力学超材料研究进展与减振降噪应用[J]. 力学进展, 2022, 52(3): 508-586. YI Jianfei, CAI Li, FANG Xin, et al. Review on research progress of mechanical metamaterials and their applications in vibration and noise control[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2022, 52(3): 508-586. [3] CHEN H, ZHAI S, DING C, et al. Acoustic metamaterial with negative mass density in water[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 118(9): 094901. [4] LIU X N, HU G K, HUANG G L, et al. An elastic metamaterial with simultaneously negative mass density and bulk modulus[J]. Applied physics letters, 2011, 98(25): 251907. [5] 雷云中, 王轲, 吴九汇.低频大宽带超结构水声发射换能器研制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(07):167-173. LEI Yunzhong, WANG Ke, WU Jiuhui. Development of underwater acoustic projector with low frequency, large bandwidth and superstructure[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(07):167-173. [6] 温激鸿, 肖勇, 郁殿龙,等. 声子晶体/声学超材料结构的弹性波调控机理与低频声振控制[J]. 中国科技成果, 2020, 21(19): 78. WEN Jihong, XIAO Yong, YU Dianlong, et al. Mechanisms of elastic wave manipulation and low-frequency sound vibration control in phononic crystals/acoustic metamaterial structures[J]. China Science and Technology Achievements, 2020, 21(19): 78. [7] 吴九汇,马富银,张思文,等. 声学超材料在低频减振降噪中的应用评述[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(13):68-78. WU J, MA F, ZHANG S, et al. Application of acoustic metamaterials in low-frequency vibration and noise reduction[J]. Journal of mechanical engineering science, 2016, 52(13): 68-78. [8] 赵龙, 陆泽琦, 丁虎,等. 低频振动隔离和能量采集双功能超材料[J]. 力学学报, 2021, 53(11): 2972-2983. ZHAO Long, LU Zeqi, DING Hu, et al. Low-frequency vibration and energy harvesting simultaneously implemented by a metamaterial with local resonance[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2021, 53(11): 2972-2983. [9] MEAD D J. Vibration response and wave propagation in periodic structures[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1971, 93: 783-792. [10] CHENG B Z, WANG M, GAO N S, et al. Machine learning inversion design and application verification of a broadband acoustic filtering structure[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2022, 187:108522. [11] JIN Y B, ZENG S X, WEN Z H, et al. Deep-subwavelength lightweight metastructures for low-frequency vibration isolation[J]. Materials & Design, 2022, 215:110499. [12] 李彬生, 戴卓辰, 张程,等. 新型多共振腔声子晶体声屏障的带隙机理及其隔声性能研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(15): 182-189+259. LI Bisheng, DAI Zhuochen, ZHANG Cheng, et al. Bandgap mechanism and sound insulation performance of a novel multi-resonant cavity sonic crystal sound barrier[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(15): 182-189+259. [13] 金星, 张振华. 幂指数棱台局域共振型声子晶体板的带隙特性与减振机理研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(14): 107-114+179. JIN Xing, ZHANG Zhenhua. Band gaps characteristics and vibration reduction mechanism of power exponential prismatic local resonance phononic crystal plates[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(14): 107-114+179. [14] 姜超君, 向阳, 张波,等. 二维声子晶体带隙特性分析与应用研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2018, 38(4): 6-11. JIANG Chaojun, XIANG Yang, ZHANG Bo, et al. Analysis and application of band gap characteristics of two-dimensional sonic crystals[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2018, 38(4): 6-11. [15] 李林凌,王岩. 变孔径微穿孔板在空间站应用的初步研究[J]. 载人航天, 2023, 29(03):324-328. LI Linling, WANG Yan. Research on applications of variable aperture micro-perforated panel in space station[J]. Manned Spaceflight, 2023, 29(03):324-328. [16] SHEN L, ZHU Y F, MAO F L, et al. Broadband Low-Frequency Acoustic Metamuffler[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2021, 16: 245457521. [17] FLOSS S, CZWIELONG F, BECKER S, et al. Micro-perforated panels for noise reduction[J]. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2021, 138(3):171-178. [18] JAVID F, WANG P, SHANIAN A, et al. Architected materials with ultra-low porosity for vibration control[J]. Advanced materials, 2016, 28(28): 5943-5948. [19] SHAN S, KANG S H, WANG P, et al. Harnessing multiple folding mechanisms in soft periodic structures for tunable control of elastic waves[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(31): 4935-4942. [20] TIAN X, CHEN W, GAO R, et al. Perforation-rotation based approach for band gap creation and enlargement in low porosity architected materials[J]. Composite Structures, 2020, 245: 112331. [21] NING S, YANG F, LUO C, et al. Low-frequency tunable locally resonant band gaps in acoustic metamaterials through large deformation[J]. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2020, 35: 100623. [22] TIAN X, CHEN W, GAO R, et al. Merging bragg and local resonance bandgaps in perforated elastic metamaterials with embedded spiral holes[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 500: 116036. [23] JAVID F, WANG P, SHANIAN A, et al. Architected Materials with Ultra-Low Porosity for Vibration Control[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28. [24] LI Y, YAN S, PENG Y. Broadband vibration attenuation characteristic of 2D phononic crystals with cross-like pores[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 183: 110418. [25] 苗清. 动车组橡胶地板减振系统减振阻尼性能研究[D]. 青岛科技大学, 2017. MIAO Qing. Research on the damping performance of rubber floor vibration damping system of EMU[D]. Qingdao University Of Science & Technology, 2017. [26] 张玉萍, 王明岩, 孙明道. 高速动车组地板减振器的设计方法[J]. 科技创新导报, 2013, 10(18): 57-58. ZHANG Yuping, WANG Mingyan, SUN Mingdao. Design method of floor shock Absorber for high speed EMU[J]. Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2013, 10(18): 57-58. [27] 曾宪奎, 苗清, 郝建国, 等. 基于 ABAQUS/FE-SAFE 的动车组橡胶地板减振器疲劳寿命研究[J]. 弹性体, 2016, 26(5): 49-53. ZENG Xiankui, MIAO Qing, HAO Jianguo, et al. Fatigue life of EMU's rubber floor absorbers based on ABAQUS/FE-SAFE[J]. China Elastomerics, 2016, 26(5): 49-53.