压电俘能技术已经在轨道交通领域受到广泛关注，但目前主要侧重于压电俘能器的结构设计。俘能器的安装会在轨道结构中附加新的装置，可能会对车轨系统动力性能产生一定影响，甚至会威胁行车安全。然而，俘能器的安装对车轨系统动力性能的影响鲜有报道。以轨下压电叠堆俘能器为研究对象，建立了车辆-轨道-俘能器耦合系统的动力分析模型，构建了安装单个或多个俘能器下钢轨和道床的垂向振动方程，采用Matlab编写了新型预测-校正积分法程序，给出了理论解答。通过与已有文献的结果对比，验证了程序的正确性。进一步，探究了采用单个和多个安装方式时俘能器的等效刚度对车轨系统动力性能（钢轨位移、钢轨加速度、扣件力和车体加速度）的影响，并评估了等效刚度与列车舒适度的关系。结果表明，当俘能器等效刚度在0~60×106N/m范围变化时，随着俘能器等效刚度的增加，两种安装方式的最大钢轨位移减小，钢轨加速度减少，车体加速度几乎保持不变，扣件力减小，列车行驶的舒适度呈现微小变化。当俘能器的等效刚度在0~2×106N/m范围选取时，俘能器的安装对车轨系统动力性能影响很小。研究成果为轨下压电叠堆俘能器的设计与安装提供了理论指导。
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has received a lot of attention in the field of rail transportation. However, the current studies mainly focused on the structural design of piezoelectric energy harvester. The installation of energy harvesters will attach new devices into the track structure, which may affect the dynamic performance of the vehicle-track system and even threaten its operation safety. However, the effect of the installation of energy harvesters on the dynamic performance of the vehicle-track system has rarely been reported. Based on piezoelectric stack energy harvesters installed at rail bottom, a dynamic analysis model of vehicle-track-harvester coupled system is developed. The vertical vibration equations of rails and ballasts with single or multiple energy harvesters are established, and theoretical solutions are obtained by using a new fast explicit integration method program written in Matlab. The correctness of the procedure is verified by comparing the results with those of the existing literature. Further, for two installation methods of single and multiple energy harvesters, the effects of the equivalent stiffness of energy harvester on the dynamic performance of the vehicle-track system (such as rail displacement, rail acceleration, fastener force and body acceleration) are investigated, and the relationship between equivalent stiffness and train comfort is also evaluated. The results show that when the equivalent stiffness of the energy harvester is varied in the range of 0~60×106N/m, with the increase of the equivalent stiffness of the energy harvester, the maximum rail displacement, rail acceleration decreases and the fastener force decreases, the car body acceleration keeps almost unchanged, and the comfort of train running shows a small change. When the equivalent stiffness of the energy harvester is selected in the range of 0~2×106N/m, the installation of the energy harvester has little effect on the dynamic performance of the vehicle-track system. The study results provide a theoretical guidance for the design and installation of piezoelectric stack energy harvesters in the rail system.
关键词
压电俘能器 /
车轨系统 /
轨下 /
压电叠堆俘能器 /
动力性能
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Key words
piezoelectric energy harvesters /
vehicle-track system /
rail bottom /
piezoelectric stack energy harvester;
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