针对深部高瓦斯低渗煤层爆破增透时爆破有效致裂范围较小，爆破能量利用率低的问题，首先根据爆破应力波的传播和叠加，从理论上分析了地应力和爆破荷载耦合作用下炮孔周围的应力分布规律；然后利用自主搭建的爆破试验平台进行了有无地应力普通爆破及地应力下不同聚能方向爆破试验研究；最后将爆破后4组试块的裂纹扩展及应力发展规律分别进行对比分析，得出爆生裂纹的扩展规律以及应力峰值的涨幅关系。研究结果表明，在裂纹扩展方面，地应力的存在对煤岩体普通爆破裂纹的扩展起抑制作用，整体裂纹扩展范围较小且呈椭圆形分布；聚能方向与水平较大主应力方向一致时，有利于定向裂纹的扩展，整体裂纹扩展范围较大；聚能方向与竖直较小主应力方向一致时，在爆破初期因聚能效应裂纹沿聚能方向扩展，在裂纹扩展后期，受地应力影响垂直方向上煤岩体受到的切向压应力较大，制约了定向裂纹的扩展，整体裂纹扩展范围较小。应力传播方面，在无地应力与加载地应力普通爆破情况下，爆破孔周围应力呈下降趋势，最高降幅达39.1%；地应力下水平方向聚能爆破相对于普通爆破时，聚能方向的应力峰值提高了72.2%。研究成果运用于深部高瓦斯低渗煤层爆破中，可以有效提高爆破能量利用率和裂纹扩展范围，对瓦斯解吸具有积极意义。
Abstract
For the deep high gas low permeability coal seam blasting penetration of blasting effective fracturing range is small, low utilization rate of blasting energy problems, in the analysis of in-situ stress on the blasting in the remote area of the impact of explosive stress waves and directional aggregation of energy blasting mechanism of rock breakage on the theoretical basis, carried out with or without the in-situ stress ordinary blasting and in-situ stress blasting penetration of different aggregation of different directions of the blasting experimental research. According to the propagation law of the explosive stress wave, establish the mechanical model of the propagation of the explosive stress wave around the drill hole under the ground stress field, and then compare and analyze the crack extension and stress development law of the four groups of test blocks after blasting, so as to obtain the extension law of the explosive cracks and the relationship between the increase of the peak stress. Firstly, according to the propagation and superposition of the blasting stress wave, the stress distribution law around the hole is theoretically analyzed under the coupling effect of the ground stress and the blasting load; then the blasting test platform built independently is used to carry out the research of ordinary blasting with or without the ground stress and the blasting test under the ground stress with different energy gathering direction; finally, the crack extension and stress development law of the four groups of test blocks after blasting are respectively analyzed in a comparative manner, and the relationship between the extension law of the blast crack and the peak stress value is obtained. Finally, four groups of test blocks were compared and analyzed for crack expansion and stress development after blasting, and the relationship between the expansion pattern of the blasted cracks and the increase of the stress peak was obtained. The results show that in terms of crack propagation, the presence of in-situ stress inhibits the propagation of ordinary burst rupture in coal rock mass, and the crack propagation range is small and oval distribution. When the direction of energy concentration is consistent with the direction of the principal stress with a large horizontal level, it is conducive to the propagation of directional cracks, and the overall crack propagation range is large. When the direction of energy concentration is consistent with the direction of vertical small principal stress, the crack propagation in the direction of energy concentration due to the concentration effect in the early stage of blasting is large, and in the later stage of crack propagation, the tangential compressive stress of the coal rock mass in the vertical direction affected by the in-situ stress is large, which restricts the propagation of directional cracks, and the overall crack propagation range is small. In terms of stress propagation, when loading ground stress and ordinary blasting without ground stress, the stress around the blasting hole showed a downward trend, with the highest reduction rate reaching 39.1%. Compared with ordinary blasting, the peak stress in the concentrated energy direction is increased by 72.2% under in-situ stress. The research results are applied to the concentrated energy blasting of deep high gas low permeability coal seam, which can effectively improve the blasting energy utilization rate and crack propagation range, which has positive significance for gas desorption.
关键词
地应力 /
聚能爆破 /
爆炸应力波 /
裂纹扩展范围 /
损伤特征
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Key words
in-situ stress /
cumulative blasting /
blasting stress wave /
crack propagation scope /
damage characteristics
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