弹性背腔膜式消声器由弹性背腔以及弹性内膜组成，通过声场与弹性内膜及弹性外膜的耦合作用，降低消声器下游的透射声能，在低频具有较好的宽带消声效果。为求解任意边界条件下的弹性背腔膜式消声器的传递损失，本文基于能量原理，建立了弹性背腔膜式消声器的声振耦合模型。采用边界弹簧约束来实现弹性膜的任意边界条件，进而分析边界约束对传递损失特性的影响。结果表明，理论计算结果与有限元结果吻合良好；结构边界约束对系统声学特性影响显著，增强外膜边界约束，能获得低频宽带消声效果；减弱内膜边界约束，能使最低消声频率向低频移动。
Abstract
The flexible back cavity membrane silencer is composed of a flexible back cavity and a flexible inner membrane. Through the coupling of the sound field with the flexible inner and outer membrane, the transmitted sound energy of the downstream is reduced, and the muffler has a good broadband sound attenuation effect at low frequency. In order to solve the transmission loss of the flexible back cavity membrane silencer under arbitrary boundary conditions, the coupling model of the silencer was established based on the energy principle. The boundary spring constraint was used to realize the arbitrary boundary conditions of the flexible membrane, and then the influence of boundary constraint on the transmission loss characteristics was analyzed. The results show that the theoretical calculation results agree well with the finite element method. The boundary constraints have a significant effect on the acoustic characteristics of the system, and the low frequency broadband noise reduction effect can be obtained by enhancing the outer membrane boundary constraints. By weakening the boundary constraints of the inner membrane, the lowest muffling frequency can be moved to lower frequency.
关键词
弹性背腔膜式消声 /
传递损失 /
能量原理 /
边界条件
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Key words
flexible back cavity membrane silencer /
transmission loss /
energy principle /
boundary conditions
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