地震波在轨道结构的传播过程伴随着能量的释放与传递，而有砟轨道的散粒体特性又使得轨道结构的动力响应更为复杂。本文提出了基于轨道能量系数以及HHT的地震过程中轨道结构能量分析方法，并建立了离散元有砟道床地震动力响应理论模型，研究不同地震烈度下道床的动力响应及能量传递，主要结论有：（1）地震动从道床底层传递至顶层时，能量平均衰减了47.14%，能量系数随地震烈度呈现出先增后降的变化趋势。（2）随地震烈度的增加，道床横向阻力和支承刚度呈现出不同的变化规律。道床横向阻力随地震烈度升高而逐渐降低，支承刚度随地震烈度升高呈现先升后降的变化规律。（3）直接堆积边坡和设置挡墙两种结构在地震作用下的动力响应存在差异。设置挡墙后，道砟颗粒接触与运动分布更加均匀，震后道床横向阻力最高提升6.95%，支承刚度提升27.28%，能量系数提升6.43%。建议在高地震烈度区采取设置挡墙替代传统的边坡有砟轨道结构。

The propagation of seismic wave in the track structure is accompanied by the release and transmission of energy, and the granular characteristics of ballast track make the dynamic response more complex. In this paper, the power analysis method of track structure during earthquake based on energy coefficient and HHT was proposed, and the discrete element theoretical model of seismic response of ballast bed was established to study the dynamic response and energy transfer of ballast bed under different seismic intensities. The main conclusions are: 1. When the ground motion is transferred from the bottom layer of the ballast bed to the top layer, the average energy attenuation is 47.14%. The energy coefficient shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with seismic intensity. 2. As the seismic intensity increases, the lateral resistance and support stiffness of the track bed exhibit different variation patterns. The lateral resistance of the track bed gradually decreases with the increase of seismic intensity, and the support stiffness shows a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of seismic intensity. 3. There are differences in the dynamic response of two types of structures, namely, directly accumulating slopes and setting retaining walls, under earthquake action. After the installation of retaining walls, the contact and motion distribution of ballast particles are more uniform. After the earthquake, the maximum lateral resistance of the track bed increases by 6.95%, the support stiffness increases by 27.28%, and the energy coefficient increases by 6.43%. It is recommended to replace traditional slope ballast track structures with retaining walls in areas with high seismic intensity.