针对弯曲波减振，本文提出了一种周期格栅声学黑洞结构，首先建立了有限元分析模型，然后通过实能带、复能带方法分析了带隙特性和宽频减振性能，并通过振动传递分析验证了能带分析的结果，最后提出以第一带隙范围和带隙外平均衰减因子作为结构的减振性能指标，研究声学黑洞特征参数的影响规律。研究结果显示：周期格栅声学黑洞同时具有全方向带隙特性和宽频减振性能，较低频段的减振由周期结构的带隙特性主导，较高频段的减振由声学黑洞的宽频减振性能主导；在5×5的有限周期结构中，周期格栅声学黑洞相比普通格栅在213~513Hz处存在低频带隙，低频带隙外相比普通格栅振动平均减小9.5dB；其他参数不变的情况下，增加声学黑洞长度、指数，减少残余厚度，有利提升结构的减振性能。
Abstract
Aiming at the vibration reduction of bending wave, a structure of periodic grid acoustic black holes is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the finite element analysis model is established. Then, the band gap characteristics and broadband vibration reduction performance are analyzed by real band and complex band methods. The conclusion of band analysis is verified by vibration transmission. Finally, the first band gap range and the average attenuation factor outside the band gap are proposed as the vibration reduction performance index of the structure, and the influence law of the characteristic parameters of the acoustic black hole is studied. The results show that the periodic grid acoustic black holes have both omnidirectional band gap characteristics and broadband vibration reduction performance. The vibration reduction in the lower frequency band is dominated by the band gap characteristics of the periodic structure, and the vibration reduction in the higher frequency band is dominated by the broadband vibration reduction performance of the acoustic black holes. In a 5 × 5 finite periodic structure, the periodic grid acoustic black holes have a low-frequency band gap at 213 ~ 513 Hz compared with the ordinary grid, and the vibration out of the low-frequency band gap is reduced by 9.5 dB on average compared with the ordinary grid. When other parameters remain unchanged, increasing the length and index of the acoustic black hole and reducing the residual thickness are beneficial to improve the vibration reduction performance of the structure.
关键词
周期格栅 /
声学黑洞 /
全方向带隙 /
复能带 /
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Key words
Periodic grid structure /
Acoustic black holes /
Omnidirectional band gap /
Complex band
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