高速、重载或薄壁球轴承等情况下的外圈结构弹性变形和柔性外圈与轴承座的配合支承特性对轴承及其系统的动力学性能有着重要的影响。采用等效刚体单元和Timoshenko梁单元建立了柔性外圈等效力学模型,考虑钢球与柔性外圈的分段滚道之间,柔性外圈与轴承座之间的动态接触作用,建立了计及外圈结构弹性变形和轴承座支承作用的球轴承多体接触动力学模型。运用广义-α方法计算分析了外圈弹性变形和轴承座支承作用对轴承载荷分布规律和动态配合特性的影响规律,获得了不同配合间隙、内部游隙、外圈厚度和径向力等因素下球轴承的动态作用力、载荷分布角和相对位移等动力学结果。结果表明:外圈增加至一定厚度,球轴承内部载荷分布与刚性套圈理论具有很好的一致性,刚性外圈与刚性轴承座的支承接触区域相对较小。随着外圈壁厚的减小,柔性外圈与轴承座的支承接触力逐渐由平滑曲线变为典型的多点极值和非光滑分布的动态变化规律,且相邻极值的差值,随着外圈壁厚的减小、配合间隙、内部游隙和径向力的增加而明显增加。随着配合间隙或内部游隙增大,球轴承载荷分布范围和轴承座的支承接触区域总体上呈现减小趋势。不同的配合间隙、内部游隙或径向载荷下薄壁外圈更容易发生近似对称的压缩、扩张、拉伸或压扁等不同形式的结构弹性变形。提出的动力学模型为滚动轴承及其系统的动力学研究和动态设计提供新方法。
Abstract
The elastic deformation of the outer ring and the matching support characteristics of the flexible outer ring and the housing have an important effect on the dynamic performance of the bearing and its system under the conditions of high speed, heavy load or thin-walled ball bearings. The equivalent mechanical model of the flexible outer ring is established by using the equivalent rigid body element and Timoshenko beam element. The dynamic contact relationship between the ball and the raceway surface of the flexible outer ring, and between the flexible outer ring and the bearing housing is considered. The multi-body contact dynamic models of ball bearing considering elastic deformation of outer ring and bearing housing support are established. The influence of outer ring’s elastic deformation and bearing housing support on load distribution and dynamic fit characteristics of bearings was calculated and analyzed by using generalized-α method. The dynamic force, load distribution angle and relative displacement of ball bearings under different fit clearance, internal clearance, outer ring thickness and radial force were obtained. The results show that when the outer ring increases to a certain thickness, the load distribution inside the ball bearing is in good agreement with the rigid ring theory, and the supporting contact area between the rigid outer ring and the rigid bearing housing is relatively small. As the thickness of the flexible outer ring decreases, the supporting contact force between the flexible outer ring and the bearing housing gradually changes from a smooth curve law to a typical dynamic change law of multi-point extremum and non-smooth distribution, and the difference of adjacent extremum increases obviously with the decrease of the wall thickness of the outer ring, and the increase of fit clearance, internal clearance and radial force. With the increase of fit clearance or internal clearance, the load distribution range and the supporting contact area of bearing housing of ball bearing decreases accordingly. Under different fit clearance, internal clearance or radial load, the thin-walled outer ring is more likely to have different forms of structural elastic deformation, such as compression, expansion, stretching or flattening. The proposed dynamic model provides a new method for dynamic research and design of rolling bearing and its systems.
关键词
柔性外圈 /
轴承座 /
配合间隙 /
球轴承 /
多体动力学
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Key words
Flexible outer ring /
Bearing housing /
Fit clearance /
Ball bearing /
Multibody dynamics
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