目前在结构振动和地震动测量中，主要关注位移、速度和加速度响应，而忽略了加速度的微分（即加加速度）。结构的加加速度响应与舒适度和结构损伤演化密切相关，已经开始受到工程技术人员的重视。在土木工程领域，加加速度传感器尚未被成熟地应用于工程项目或结构试验中。本文介绍了一种基于微分Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的新型光纤加加速度传感器，可直接测量结构的加加速度响应。将该传感器直接布置于振动台台面进行了0.1~100Hz的正弦扫频校准振动测试，试验结果证明该传感器具有良好的工作性能，由采集的加加速度积分获取的加速度时程与振动输入的相关系数达到了0.976。同时，将该加加速度传感器应用于某超高层模型结构的振动台试验，采集超高层结构加加速度时程响应。试验结果表明该超高层结构顶部的加加速度放大效果超过了6倍，鞭梢效应显著。试验中采集的加加速度响应也为进一步开展该抗震新参量的研究提供了数据支撑。该新型光纤加加速度测量仪器在地震工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Abstract
Currently, the main focus in structural vibration and earthquake measurements is on displacement, velocity and acceleration responses, while the derivative of acceleration, namely jerk, is neglected. Jerk responses of structures are closely related to comfort and structural damage evolution, which have begun to be taken seriously by engineers and technicians. In civil engineering, jerk sensors have not yet been maturely used in engineering projects or structural tests. This paper presents a new fiber optic jerk sensor based on the differential Mach-Zehnder interferometer which can directly measure the jerk responses of structures. The sensor was arranged directly on the shaking table for calibration vibration tests where the sine sweep in the frequency range of 0.1~100Hz was adopted. The test results proved that the sensor has good working performance. The correlation coefficient between the acceleration time-history obtained from the integration of jerk and the test input reaches 0.976. Moreover, these jerk sensors were applied to the shaking table test of a super high-rise building, where the jerk time-history responses of the super high-rise building were collected. The test results show that the amplification effect of jerk at the top of this super high-rise building is more than 6 times. This building’s whiplash effect is obvious, which may greatly affect its comfort and safety. The jerk responses collected in the test also provide data support for further research on this new seismic parameter. This new fiber optic jerk sensor has a broad application prospect in the field of earthquake engineering.
关键词
加加速度测量 /
光纤传感器 /
振动台试验 /
超高层结构 /
结构抗震
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