重载机车102型钩缓装置动态模拟方法与动力学性能研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2) : 12-21.

论文

张志超1,吕凯凯1, 储高峰1, 齐红瑞2, 汪方文1

作者信息 +

Simulation method and dynamic performances research of the heavy-haul locomotive and its 102-type coupler and draft gear

ZHANG Zhichao1，Lv Kaikai1，CHU Gaofeng1，QI Hongrui2，WANG Fangwen1

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文章历史 +

摘要

本文结合试验数据提出了重载机车102型车钩缓冲装置受压动态响应的模拟方法，并研究了该机车及钩缓装置在双机重联牵引万吨列车编组下的动力学性能。首先基于102型钩缓装置结构特性与受压稳钩机理，采用加权离散方法将缓冲器简化为具有相同迟滞特性的多个阻抗力元，并引入剪切刚度来考虑其相互之间的剪切效应，提出了能够准确模拟钩肩止挡和缓冲器偏压特性的102型钩缓装置动力学建模方法；进而借助子结构方法搭建了“主控机车+重联机车+货车车辆+虚拟货列”的双机重联牵引万吨列车动力学模型，其中四节机车、货车车辆之间采用钩缓装置子结构连接；然后通过试验数据对比修正了钩缓装置模型中离散阻抗力元间的剪切刚度，并验证了所建列车动力学模型的正确性；最后计算分析了线路条件、结构参数、机车电制力等对系统动力学响应和运行安全性的影响规律。结果表明：重载机车在小半径曲线上施加大电制力容易引起异常增大的轮轴横向力，危及行车安全；随着车钩最大自由转角的增大，车钩偏转角和机车运行安全性指标均呈逐渐增大趋势；机车二系悬挂横向刚度增大有助于提高机车自身的受压稳定性和减小车钩偏转角，但过大横向刚度又会增大轮轨横向动态作用。

Abstract

This paper proposes a simulation method for the dynamic response of the compressed 102-type coupler and draft gear based on test data, and then studies the dynamic performance of the heavy-haul locomotive and its 102-type coupler and draft gear for the 10,000-ton heavy-haul train with double locomotive traction marshalling. Firstly, based on the structural characteristics and compressed stability mechanism of 102-type coupler and draft gear, the weighted discrete method is used to simplify the draft gear into multiple impedance force elements with the same hysteresis characteristics, and the shear stiffness is introduced to consider the shear effect between these impedance force elements. By this way, the dynamic model of 102-type coupler and draft gear is established to simulate the one-side compressed characteristics of the coupler shoulder and draft gear accurately. And then the model of 10,000-ton train with the marshalling of “master locomotive + re-connected locomotive + freight vehicle + dummy freight train” is developed by using the substructure method; Then the shear stiffness between the discrete impedance force elements is confirmed and this train dynamic model is also verified by comparing the simulation results with test data. Finally, the influences of track conditions, structural parameters and locomotive electrical braking forces on the train dynamics response and running safety are calculated. The results indicate that the large locomotive electric braking forces on small radius curves are very dangerous for the train running safety; With the increases of the coupler free angle and the lateral stiffness of locomotive secondary suspension, the coupler rotation angle and locomotive running safety index increase gradually, but too large lateral stiffness may strength the wheel-rail lateral interaction.

导出引用

张志超1,吕凯凯1, 储高峰1, 齐红瑞2, 汪方文1. 重载机车102型钩缓装置动态模拟方法与动力学性能研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(2): 12-21

ZHANG Zhichao1，Lv Kaikai1，CHU Gaofeng1，QI Hongrui2，WANG Fangwen1. Simulation method and dynamic performances research of the heavy-haul locomotive and its 102-type coupler and draft gear[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(2): 12-21

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