大型风力机叶片前缘的雨滴冲击动力学响应机制

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (21) : 1-11.

论文

大型风力机叶片前缘的雨滴冲击动力学响应机制

张建宇1，冯梦洁1，郭旭2，杜晓钟3

作者信息 +

Dynamic response mechanism of raindrop impact on leading edge of large wind turbine blades

ZHANG Jianyu1, FENG Mengjie1, GUO Xu2, DU Xiaozhong3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

随着近年海上风力机设计的大型化，叶片前缘的雨蚀失效问题变得愈发突出，不仅影响机组的风能转化效率，对结构的稳定运行也构成潜在威胁。采用光滑粒子动力学研究雨滴内部的本构关系，以有限元方法建立叶片前缘的代表性体积单元（representative volume element, RVE)模型，两者相互耦合，研究雨滴在叶片表面形成的冲击响应过程。考虑自然降雨的实际工况，建立与降雨强度相关联的雨滴尺寸模型，以及雨滴的空间分布模型；通过单雨滴的冲击仿真，研究叶片表面冲击载荷以及雨滴内部的速度分布，从而解构雨滴冲击的物理过程，并通过冲击的应力、应变场分析，为潜在损伤区提供评价；建立多雨滴冲击的仿真模型，研究冲击应力场之间的耦合作用，以及涂层表面的塑性应变累积效果。研究结果表明，水锤冲击是造成塑性应变累积的关键因素，横向喷射阶段的应力响应幅值虽小，并呈现一定的无序特征，但如果存在多雨滴耦合冲击的情况，则会在耦合区内出现应力峰值，并对叶片变形和失效存在潜在影响。

Abstract

With the increasing scale of offshore wind turbine design in recent years, the problem of rain erosion failure at the leading edge of the blades has become increasingly prominent, which not only affects the wind energy conversion efficiency, but also poses a potential threat to the stable operation of the structure. The smooth particle dynamics (SPH) is used to study the constitutive relationship inside the raindrop, and the RVE model of the leading edge of the blade is founded by FEM modeling. SPH-FEM coupled model is then established to investigate the impact response of the blade surface by raindrop impingement. With the actual rainfall conditions in consideration, the raindrop size distribution model related to rainfall intensity and the spatial distribution model are established. By simulating the impact of a single raindrop, the impact loading on blade surface and the velocity field inside the raindrop are studied. Through the analysis of the stress and strain fields induced by the impact, potential damage areas are evaluated. Through the multi raindrop impact simulation, the coupling effect between impact stress fields and the cumulative effect of plastic strain on the coating surface are evaluated. The results have indicated that water hammer impact is the key factor for the accumulation of plastic strain. Although the stress amplitude during the lateral spraying stage is small and shows disordered characteristics, the stress maximum will appear in the coupling zone and has a potential impact on blade deformation and failure if there is coupling impact among multiple raindrops.

导出引用

张建宇1, 冯梦洁1, 郭旭2, 杜晓钟3. 大型风力机叶片前缘的雨滴冲击动力学响应机制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(21): 1-11

ZHANG Jianyu1, FENG Mengjie1, GUO Xu2, DU Xiaozhong3. Dynamic response mechanism of raindrop impact on leading edge of large wind turbine blades[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(21): 1-11

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